Table of Contents
| QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) | |
| |
||
(Address of principal executive offices) |
(Zip Code) | |
| Title of each class |
Trading Symbol(s) |
Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | |||
Non-accelerated filer |
☒ | Smaller reporting company | ||||
| Emerging growth company | ||||||
Table of Contents
RIGETTI COMPUTING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). This includes, without limitation, statements regarding the financial position, business strategy and the plans and objectives of management for future operations. These statements constitute projections, forecasts and forward-looking statements, and are not guarantees of performance. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. Any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intends,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would” or the negative of such terms or other similar expressions.
These forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Except as otherwise required by applicable law, we disclaim any duty to update any forward-looking statements, all of which are expressly qualified by the statements in this section, to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We caution you that these forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control.
Forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may include, for example, statements about:
| • | our ability to achieve milestones, technological advancements, including with respect to executing on our technology roadmap and developing practical applications; |
| • | the sufficiency of our cash resources and our ability to raise additional capital; |
| • | the potential of quantum computing and estimated market size and market growth, including with respect to our long-term business strategy for quantum computing as a service (“Quantum Computing as a Service,” or “QCaaS”); |
| • | the success of our partnerships and collaborations; |
| • | our ability to accelerate our development of multiple generations of quantum processors; |
| • | customer concentration and the risk that a significant portion of our revenue currently depends on contracts with the public sector; |
| • | the outcome of any legal proceedings that may be instituted against us or others with respect to the Business Combination (as defined herein) or other matters; |
| • | our ability to execute on our business strategy, including monetization of our products; |
| • | our financial performance, growth rate and market opportunity, including our expectations with respect to future revenue; |
| • | our ability to maintain the listing of our Common Stock and Public Warrants on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”), and the potential liquidity and trading of such securities; |
| • | the ability to recognize the anticipated benefits of the Business Combination, which may be affected by, among other things, competition, our ability to grow and manage growth profitably, maintain relationships with customers and suppliers and retain our management and key employees; |
| • | costs related to operating as a public company; |
| • | the restatement of our financial statements for the quarters ended March 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022 and our ability to establish and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting, including our ability to remediate the existing material weakness in our internal controls; |
| • | changes in applicable laws or regulations; |
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| • | the possibility that we may be adversely affected by other economic, business, or competitive factors; |
| • | our estimates of expenses and profitability, future revenue, capital requirements and need for additional financing; |
| • | the evolution of the markets in which we compete; |
| • | our ability to implement our strategic initiatives, expansion plans and continue to innovate our existing services; |
| • | the expected use of proceeds of the Business Combination; |
| • | unfavorable conditions in our industry, the global economy or global supply chain (including any supply chain impacts from the ongoing military conflict involving Russia and Ukraine and sanctions related thereto), including rising inflation and interest rates and financial and credit market fluctuations; |
| • | changes in applicable laws or regulations; |
| • | our success in retaining or recruiting, or changes required in, our officers, key employees or directors, including our ability to attract and retain a new president and chief executive officer in connection with the departure of our prior president and chief executive officer, Chad Rigetti; |
| • | our ability to expand or maintain our existing customer base; and |
| • | the effect of COVID-19 on the foregoing. |
Given these risks and uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.
Should one or more of the risks or uncertainties described in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q occur, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results and plans could differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. Additional information concerning these and other factors that may impact the operations and projections discussed herein can be found in the section entitled “Risk Factors” and in our periodic filings with the SEC. Our SEC filings are available publicly on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q completely and with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity and performance as well as other events and circumstances may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.
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SUMMARY RISK FACTORS
The following is a summary of select risks and uncertainties that could materially adversely affect us and our business, financial condition and results of operations. Before you invest in our securities, you should carefully consider all the information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including matters set forth under the heading “Risk Factors.” These risks include the following, among others:
| • | We are in our early stages and have a limited operating history, which makes it difficult to forecast our future results of operations, including our anticipated technical development milestones and potential future revenue. |
| • | We will require a significant amount of cash for expenditures as we invest in ongoing research and development and business operations and may need additional capital sooner than planned to pursue our business objectives and respond to business opportunities, challenges or unforeseen circumstances, and we cannot be sure that additional financing will be available. If we are unable to raise additional funding when needed, we may be required to delay, limit or substantially reduce our quantum computing development efforts. |
| • | We have a history of operating losses and expect to incur significant expenses and continuing losses for the foreseeable future. |
| • | Our operating results may be adversely affected by unfavorable economic and market conditions. |
| • | Even if the market in which we compete achieves anticipated growth levels, our business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all. |
| • | Our ability to use net operating loss carryforwards and other tax attributes may be limited in connection with the Business Combination or other ownership changes. |
| • | We have not produced quantum computers with high qubit counts or at volume and face significant barriers in our attempts to produce quantum computers, including the need to invent and develop new technology. If we cannot successfully overcome those barriers, our business will be negatively impacted and could fail. |
| • | Any future generations of hardware and software developed to demonstrate narrow quantum advantage and broad quantum advantage and the anticipated release of an 84 qubit system, 336 qubit system, 1,000+ qubit system and 4,000+ qubit system, each of which is an important anticipated milestone for our technical roadmap and commercialization, in addition to other anticipated milestones and other aspects of our technical roadmap and development and commercialization plans may not occur on our anticipated timeline or at all. |
| • | The quantum computing industry is competitive on a global scale and we may not be successful in competing in this industry or establishing and maintaining confidence in our long-term business prospects among current and future partners and customers. |
| • | Our business is currently dependent upon our relationship with our cloud providers. There are no assurances that we will be able to commercialize quantum computers from our relationships with cloud providers. |
| • | We depend on a limited number of customers for a significant percentage of our revenue and the loss or temporary loss of a major customer for any reason could harm our financial condition. |
| • | A significant portion of our revenue depends on contracts with the public sector, and our failure to receive and maintain government contracts or changes in the contracting or fiscal policies of the public sector could have a material adverse effect on our business. |
| • | We rely on access to high performance third party classical computing through public clouds, high performance computing centers and on-premises computing infrastructure to deliver performant quantum solutions to customers. We may not be able to maintain high quality relationships and connectivity with these resources which could make it harder for us to reach customers or deliver solutions in a cost-effective manner. |
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| • | We depend on certain suppliers to source products. Failure to maintain our relationship with any of these suppliers, or a failure to replace any supplier, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows. |
| • | Our system depends on the use of certain development tools, supplies, equipment and production methods. If we are unable to procure the necessary tools, supplies and equipment to build our quantum systems, or are unable to do so on a timely and cost-effective basis, and in sufficient quantities, we may incur significant costs or delays which could negatively affect our operations and business. |
| • | Even if we are successful in developing quantum computing systems and executing our strategy, competitors in the industry may achieve technological breakthroughs which render our quantum computing systems obsolete or inferior to other products. |
| • | We may be unable to reduce the cost of developing quantum computers, which may prevent us from pricing quantum systems competitively. |
| • | The quantum computing industry is in its early stages and volatile, and if it does not develop, if it develops slower than we expect, if it develops in a manner that does not require use of our quantum computing solutions, if we encounter negative publicity or if our solution does not drive commercial engagement, the growth of our business will be harmed. |
| • | If our computers fail to achieve quantum advantage, or if any of our competitors achieve quantum advantages ahead of us, our business, financial condition and future prospects may be harmed. |
| • | We could suffer disruptions, outages, defects and other performance and quality problems with our quantum computing systems, our production technology partners or with the public cloud, data centers and internet infrastructure on which we rely. |
| • | We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, which has resulted in the need for us to restate our financial statements for the first and second quarters of 2022, and may identify additional material weaknesses in the future. If we fail to remediate this material weakness or otherwise fail to establish and maintain effective control over financial reporting, it may adversely affect our ability to accurately and timely report our financial results, and may adversely affect investor confidence, our reputation, our ability to raise additional capital, and our business operations and financial condition. |
| • | System security and data protection breaches, as well as cyber-attacks, including state-sponsored attacks, could disrupt our operations, which may damage our reputation and adversely affect our business. |
| • | Our failure to obtain, maintain and protect our intellectual property rights could impair our ability to protect and commercialize our proprietary products and technology and cause us to lose our competitive advantage. |
| • | Delaware law and our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws contain certain provisions, including anti-takeover provisions, that limit the ability of stockholders to take certain actions and could delay or discourage takeover attempts that stockholders may consider favorable. |
| • | Our warrants, including our Public Warrants, Private Warrants and other warrants we have issued, are accounted for as liabilities and the changes in value of our warrants could have a material effect on our financial results. |
| • | Sales of our securities, or perceptions of sales, by us or holders of our securities in the public markets or otherwise, including in connection with our committed equity financing with B. Riley Principal Capital II LLC, or B. Riley, could cause the market price for our Common Stock to decline and future issuances of securities may adversely affect us, our Common Stock and may be dilutive to existing stockholders. |
| • | There can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with the continued listing standards of Nasdaq. |
| • | Our warrants may be out of the money at the time they become exercisable and they may expire worthless. |
| • | With the approval by the holders of at least 50% of the then-outstanding Public Warrants, we may amend the terms of the warrants in a manner that may be adverse to holders. |
| • | We are highly dependent on our ability to attract and retain senior executive leadership and other key employees, such as quantum physicists, software engineers and other key technical employees, which is critical to our success. If we fail to retain or attract senior management, engineers and other key employees, such failure could negatively impact our business. |
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September 30, |
December 31, |
|||||||
2022 |
2021 |
|||||||
| Assets |
||||||||
| Current assets: |
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| Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | $ | ||||||
| Available-for-sale |
||||||||
| Accounts receivable |
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| Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
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| Forward contract - assets |
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| Deferred offering costs |
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| |
|
|
|
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| Total current assets |
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| Property and equipment, net |
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| Restricted cash |
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| Other assets |
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| Goodwill |
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| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Total assets |
$ | $ | ||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Liabilities, redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit) |
||||||||
| Current liabilities: |
||||||||
| Accounts payable |
$ | $ | ||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
||||||||
| Deferred revenue |
||||||||
| Debt - current portion |
||||||||
| Forward contract - liabilities |
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| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Total current liabilities |
||||||||
| Debt - net of current portion |
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| Derivative warrant liabilities |
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| Earn-out liabilities |
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| Other liabilities |
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| |
|
|
|
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| Total liabilities |
||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 6) |
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| Redeemable convertible preferred stock*, par value $ |
||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity (deficit): |
||||||||
| Preferred Stock, par value $ |
||||||||
| Common stock*, par value $ |
||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital |
||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive gain (loss) |
( |
) | ||||||
| Accumulated deficit |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) |
( |
) | ||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Total liabilities, redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity |
$ | $ | ||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| * | Shares of legacy Redeemable Convertible Series C Preferred Stock, Redeemable Convertible Series C-1 Preferred Stock, legacy Class A Common Stock, and legacy Class B Common Stock have been retroactively restated to give effect to the Business Combination. |
Three Months Ended |
Nine Months Ended |
|||||||||||||||
September 30, |
September 30, |
|||||||||||||||
2022 |
2021 |
2022 |
2021 |
|||||||||||||
| Revenue |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue |
||||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Total gross profit |
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| Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||||||
| Research and development |
||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing |
||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative |
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| |
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|
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|
|||||||||
| Total operating expenses |
||||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Loss from operations |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Other income (expense), net: |
||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||
| Interest income |
||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities |
||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of earn-out liability |
||||||||||||||||
| Transaction costs |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense) |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Total other income (expense), net |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||
| Net loss before provision for income taxes |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||
| Provision for income taxes |
||||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Net loss |
$ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | ||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Net loss per share attribute to common stockholders—basic and diluted |
$ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | ||||
| Weighted average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders – basic and diluted* |
||||||||||||||||
| * | Weighted-average shares have been retroactively restated to give effect to the Business Combination. |
Three Months Ended |
Nine Months Ended |
|||||||||||||||
September 30, |
September 30, |
|||||||||||||||
2022 |
2021 |
2022 |
2021 |
|||||||||||||
| Net loss |
$ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | ||||
| Other comprehensive gain (loss): |
||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation gain (loss) |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||
| Change in unrealized loss on available-for-sale |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Comprehensive loss |
$ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | ||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock |
Common Stock |
Additional Paid-In Capital |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Gain (Loss) |
Accumulated Deficit |
Total Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares |
Amount |
Shares |
Amount |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands, except share and per share data) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2021 |
$ |
$ |
— |
$ |
$ |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Retroactive application of Business Combination (Note 3) |
( |
) |
— |
( |
) |
( |
) |
— |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted balance, beginning of period* |
( |
) |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon conversion of legacy Series C and Series C-1 preferred stock in connection with the Business Combination (Note 3) |
( |
) |
( |
) |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of legacy Rigetti stock options |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of legacy Rigetti common stock warrants |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock through Business Combination and PIPE financing, net of transaction costs and derivative liabilities, as restated (Note 3) (1) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation gain |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss, as restated (1) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
( |
) |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2022, as restated (1) |
— |
$ |
— |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
||||||||||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of common stock warrants |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon release of RSUs |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification of loan and security agreement warrants to equity |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Settlement of the first tranche of forward contract |
— |
— |
— |
— |
( |
) |
— |
— |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capitalization of deferred costs to equity upon share issuance |
— |
— |
— |
— |
( |
) |
— |
— |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation gain |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss, as restated (1) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
( |
) |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2022, as restated (1) |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options |
— |
— |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of common stock warrants |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon release of RSUs |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock pursuant to the Common Stock Purchase Agreement — B. Riley |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capitalization of deferred costs to equity upon share issuance |
— |
— |
— |
— |
( |
) |
— |
— |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
( |
) |
— |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
( |
) |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2022 |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
||||||||||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
(1) |
For discussion on the restatement adjustments, see Note 1 — Restatement of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Immaterial Correction of Prior-Period Errors |
* |
Shares of legacy Redeemable Convertible Series C Preferred Stock, Redeemable Convertible Series C-1 Preferred Stock, legacy Class A Common Stock, and legacy Class B Common Stock have been retroactively restated to give effect to the Business Combination. |
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock |
Common Stock |
Additional Paid-In Capital |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Gain (Loss) |
Accumulated Deficit |
Total Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares |
Amount |
Shares |
Amount |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands, except share and per share data) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2020 |
$ |
$ |
— |
$ |
$ |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Retroactive application of Business Combination (Note 3) |
( |
) |
— |
( |
) |
( |
) |
— |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted balance, beginning of period* |
( |
) |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation gain |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
( |
) |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2021 |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of common stock warrants |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation loss |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
( |
) |
— |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
( |
) |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2021 |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of common stock warrants |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation loss |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
( |
) |
— |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
( |
) |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2021 |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
* |
Shares of legacy Redeemable Convertible Series C Preferred Stock, Redeemable Convertible Series C-1 Preferred Stock, legacy Class A Common Stock, and legacy Class B Common Stock have been retroactively restated to give effect to the Business Combination. |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
||||||||
2022 |
2021 |
|||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities |
||||||||
| Net loss |
$ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization |
||||||||
| Stock-based compensation |
||||||||
| Change in fair value of earn-out liability |
( |
) | ||||||
| Change in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities |
( |
) | ||||||
| Change in fair value of forward contract |
( |
) | ||||||
| Amortization of debt issuance costs |
||||||||
| Accretion of available-for-sale |
( |
) | ||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
||||||||
| Accounts receivable |
( |
) | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| Other assets |
( |
) | ||||||
| Deferred revenue |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| Accounts payable |
( |
) | ||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
||||||||
| Other liabilities |
( |
) | ||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Net cash used in operating activities |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Cash flows from investing activities |
||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| Purchases of available-for-sale |
( |
) | ||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Net cash used in investing activities |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Cash flows from financing activities |
||||||||
| Proceeds from Business Combination, net of transaction costs paid |
||||||||
| Transaction costs paid directly by Rigetti |
( |
) | ||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of notes payable |
||||||||
| Payments on debt issuance costs |
( |
) | ||||||
| Payment on loan and security agreement exit fees |
( |
) | ||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options and warrants |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Effect of changes in exchange rate on cash and restricted cash |
( |
) | ||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash |
( |
) | ||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period |
$ | $ | ||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |
||||||||
| Cash paid for interest |
$ | $ | ||||||
| Supplemental disclosure of non- cash financing and investing activities: |
||||||||
| Fair value of earn-out liability (1) |
$ | $ | ||||||
| Fair value of private placement and public warrants liability (1) |
$ | $ | ||||||
| Reclassification of loan and security agreement warrants to equity |
$ | $ | ||||||
| Settlement of the first tranche of forward contract |
$ | $ | ||||||
| Capitalization of deferred costs to equity upon share issuance |
$ | $ | ||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment recorded in accounts payable |
$ | $ | ||||||
| Unrealized gain (loss) short term investments |
$ | ( |
) | $ | ||||
(1) |
For discussion on the restatement adjustments, see Note 1 — Restatement of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Immaterial Correction of Prior-Period Errors |
| • | Former Legacy Rigetti stockholders have a controlling voting interest in the Company; |
| • | The Company’s board of directors as of immediately after the closing is comprised of eight board members, six seats occupied by previous Rigetti board members and one seat being occupied by a previous Supernova representative. The final eighth seat was filled by an individual who did not have ties to either Rigetti or Supernova pre-merger; and |
| • | Legacy Rigetti management continues to hold executive management roles for the post-combination company and be responsible for the day-to-day |
| • | a decrease in the Earn-out Liabilities recorded on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2022 and June 30,2022 included in the Affected Financials; |
| • | a decrease in the gain from Change in the Fair Value of Earn-out Liability recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods ended March 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022 included in the Affected Financials; |
| • | an increase in Net Loss and Net Loss per Share recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods ended March 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022 included in the Affected Financials; and |
| • | a decrease in the Change in the Fair value of Earn-out Liability recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows as supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities for the periods ended March 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022 included in the Affected Financials (the Earn-out Liabilities related adjustments are marked with an “(a)” in the table below). |
| • | an increase in the Derivative Warrant Liabilities recorded on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2022 and as of June 30,2022 included in the Affected Financials; |
| • | a decrease in the gain from the Change in the Fair Value of Derivative Warrant Liabilities recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations for the period ended March 31, 2022 , an increase in the gain from the Change in the Fair Value of Derivative Warrant Liabilities for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and a decrease in the gain from the Change in the Fair Value of Derivative Warrant Liabilities for the six months ended June 30, 2022 included in the Affected Financials; |
| • | an increase in Net Loss and Net Loss per Share recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for the period ended March 31, 2022 , a decrease in Net Loss and Net Loss per Share for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and an increase in Net Loss and Net Loss per Share for the six months ended June 30,2022 included in the Affected Financials; and |
| • | a decrease in the Change in Fair value of Derivatives Liability recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows as supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities for the periods ended March 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022 included in the Affected Financials (the Private Warrant adjustments are marked with an “(d)” in the table below). |
As of March 31, 2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As reported |
To be adjusted - (a) |
To be adjusted - (b) |
To be adjusted - (c) |
To be adjusted - (d) |
To be adjusted - Total |
As Restated |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
$ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total current liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative warrant liabilities |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Earn-out liabilities |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated deficit |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As reported |
To be adjusted - (a) |
To be adjusted - (b) |
To be adjusted - (c) |
To be adjusted - (d) |
To be adjusted - Total |
As Restated |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Research and development |
$ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loss from operations |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Change in fair value of derivate warrant liabilities |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in fair value of earn-out liability |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total other income (expense), net |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
$ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | |||||||||
Net loss per share attributed to common stockholders - basic and diluted |
$ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | |||||||||||||||||||
As of March 31, 2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As reported |
To be adjusted - (a) |
To be adjusted - (b) |
To be adjusted - (c) |
To be adjusted - (d) |
To be adjusted - Total |
As Restated |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Additional Paid-In Capital |
$ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( |
) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated deficit |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||
Total Stockholders’(Deficit)Equity |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As reported |
To be adjusted - (a) |
To be adjusted - (b) |
To be adjusted - (c) |
To be adjusted - (d) |
To be adjusted - Total |
As Restated |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
$ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | |||||||||
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in fair value of derivate warrant liabilities |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in fair value of earn-out liability |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net cash in operating activities |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
As of June 30, 2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As reported |
To be adjusted - (a) |
To be adjusted - (b) |
To be adjusted - (c) |
To be adjusted - (d) |
To be adjusted - Total |
As Restated |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
$ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total current liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative warrant liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Earn-out liabilities |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated deficit |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As reported |
To be adjusted - (a) |
To be adjusted - (b) |
To be adjusted - (c) |
To be adjusted - (d) |
To be adjusted - Total |
As Restated |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Research and development |
$ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loss from operations |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Change in fair value of derivate warrant liabilities |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in fair value of earn-out liability |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total other income (expense), net |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
$ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | |||||||||
Net loss per share attributed to common stockholders - basic and diluted |
$ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | |||||||||||||||||||
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As reported |
To be adjusted - (a) |
To be adjusted - (b) |
To be adjusted - (c) |
To be adjusted - (d) |
To be adjusted - Total |
As Restated |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Research and development |
$ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loss from operations |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Change in fair value of derivate warrant liabilities |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in fair value of earn-out liability |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total other income (expense), net |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
$ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | |||||||||
Net loss per share attributed to common stockholders - basic and diluted |
$ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | |||||||||||||||||||
As reported |
To be adjusted - (a) |
To be adjusted - (b) |
To be adjusted - (c) |
To be adjusted - (d) |
To be adjusted - Total |
As Restated |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Additional Paid-In Capital |
$ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( |
) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated deficit |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||
Total Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As reported |
To be adjusted - (a) |
To be adjusted - (b) |
To be adjusted - (c) |
To be adjusted - (d) |
To be adjusted - Total |
As Restated |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) | |||||||||
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities |
( |
) |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in fair value of earn-out liability |
( |
) |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net cash used in operating activities |
( |
) |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2. |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
September 30, |
December 31, |
|||||||
2022 |
2021 |
|||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | $ | ||||||
Restricted cash |
||||||||
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash |
$ | $ | ||||||
Valuation Assumptions |
Initial Recognition on March 2, 2022 |
September 30, 2022 |
||||||
| Stock Price |
$ | $ | ||||||
| Simulated trading days |
||||||||
| Volatility (annual)(1) |
% | % | ||||||
| Risk-free rate |
% | % | ||||||
| Estimated time to expiration (years) |
||||||||
(1) |
As revised and discussed in Note 1 — Restatement of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Immaterial Correction of Prior-Period Errors |
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, |
||||||||
Customer |
2022 |
2021 |
||||||
Customer A |
% | % | ||||||
Customer B |
% | % | ||||||
Customer C |
% | % | ||||||
Customer D |
% | % | ||||||
Customer E |
* |
% | ||||||
For the Three Months Ended September 30, |
||||||||
Customer |
2022 |
2021 |
||||||
Customer A |
% | * |
||||||
Customer B |
% | % | ||||||
Customer C |
% | % | ||||||
Customer D |
% | * |
||||||
Customer E |
* |
% | ||||||
Customer F |
* |
% | ||||||
| * | Customer accounted for less than 10% of revenue in the respective period |
September 30, |
December 31, |
|||||||
Customer |
2022 |
2021 |
||||||
Customer A |
% | * | ||||||
Customer B |
% | % | ||||||
Customer C |
% | % | ||||||
Customer D |
* | % | ||||||
| * | Customer accounted for less than 10 % of accounts receivable in the respective period |
Amount (in thousands) |
||||
| Cash - SNII trust and cash (net of redemption) |
$ | |||
| Cash - PIPE |
||||
| Cash - SNII operating account |
||||
| Less: SNII transaction cost |
( |
) | ||
| |
|
|||
| Net Proceeds from Business Combination and PIPE |
$ |
|||
| |
|
|||
| Common Stock - SNII Class A, outstanding prior to Business Combination |
||||
| Less: redemption of SNII Class A ordinary shares |
( |
) | ||
| |
|
|||
| Common Stock - SNII Class A ordinary shares |
||||
| Common Stock - SNII Class B ordinary shares* |
||||
| Shares issued in PIPE |
||||
| |
|
|||
| Business Combination and PIPE shares |
||||
| Common Stock - Legacy Rigetti** |
||||
| Common Stock - exercise of Legacy Rigetti stock options immediately prior to the closing** |
||||
| Common Stock - exercise of Legacy Rigetti warrants immediately prior to the closing** |
||||
| Common Stock - upon conversion of Legacy Rigetti Series C preferred stock** |
||||
| Common Stock - upon conversion of Legacy Rigetti Series C-1 preferred stock** |
||||
| |
|
|||
| Total shares of Common Stock immediately after Business Combination |
||||
| |
|
| * | Includes (i) |
| ** | (i) all outstanding shares of Legacy Rigetti Common Stock as of immediately prior to the Closing (including Legacy Rigetti Common Stock resulting from the Legacy Rigetti Preferred Stock Conversion), were exchanged at an exchange ratio of one-for- and for Legacy Series C-1 Preferred Stock was |
Amortized Cost as of September 30, 2022 |
Gross Unrealized Holding Loss |
Fair Value as of September 30, 2022 |
||||||||||
(in thousands) |
||||||||||||
| Cash Equivalents: |
||||||||||||
| Money Market Funds |
$ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Short-term investments: |
||||||||||||
| United States Treasury Securities |
( |
) | ||||||||||
| Corporate Bonds |
( |
) | ||||||||||
| Commercial Papers |
||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
$ |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Three Months Ended |
Three Months Ended |
|||||||
September 30, |
September 30, |
|||||||
2022 |
2021 |
|||||||
Type of Goods or Service |
(In thousands) |
|||||||
| Collaborative research and other professional services |
$ | $ | ||||||
| Access to quantum computing systems |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Timing of Revenue Recognition |
||||||||
| Revenue recognized at a point in time |
$ | $ | ||||||
| Revenue recognized over time |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
Nine Months Ended |
Nine Months Ended |
|||||||
September 30, |
September 30, |
|||||||
2022 |
2021 |
|||||||
Type of Goods or Service |
(In thousands) |
|||||||
| Collaborative research and other professional services |
$ | $ | ||||||
| Access to quantum computing systems |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Timing of Revenue Recognition |
||||||||
| Revenue recognized at a point in time |
$ | $ | ||||||
| Revenue recognized over time |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
September 30, |
December 31, |
|||||||
2022 |
2021 |
|||||||
(In thousands) |
||||||||
| Trade receivables |
$ | $ | ||||||
| Unbilled receivables |
$ | $ | ||||||
| Deferred revenue |
($ | ) | ($ | ) | ||||
Nine Months Ended |
||||
September 30, |
||||
2022 |
||||
(In thousands) |
||||
Balance at beginning of period |
$ | ( |
) | |
Deferral of revenue |
( |
) | ||
Recognition of deferred revenue |
||||
Balance at end of period |
$ | ( |
) | |
As of September 30, 2022 (in thousands) |
||||
Remainder of 2022 |
$ | |||
2023 |
||||
2024 |
||||
2025 |
||||
2026 |
||||
Thereafter |
||||
Total minimum future lease payments |
$ | |||
September 30, |
December 31, |
|||||||
2022 |
2021 |
|||||||
(in thousands) |
||||||||
| Outstanding principal amount |
$ | $ | ||||||
| Add: accreted liability of final payment fee |
||||||||
| Less: unamortized debt discount, long term |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| Less: current portion of long term debt-principal |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Debt - net of current portion |
$ | $ | ||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Current portion of long term debt-principal |
$ | $ | ||||||
| Less: current portion of unamortized debt discount |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Debt-current portion |
$ | $ | ||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
September 30, |
December 31, |
|||||||
2022 |
2021 |
|||||||
(in thousands) |
||||||||
| 2022 |
$ | $ | ||||||
| 2023 |
||||||||
| 2024 |
||||||||
| 2025 |
||||||||
| 2026 |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
Common Stock |
||||
| Common Stock Warrants |
||||
| Stock-Based Awards—RSUs Outstanding |
||||
| Stock-Based Awards—Options Outstanding |
||||
| |
|
|||
| Total |
||||
| |
|
|||
Valuation Assumptions |
Initial Recognition on March 2, 2022 |
September 30, 2022 |
||||||
| Stock Price |
$ | $ | ||||||
| Strike Price |
$ | $ | ||||||
| Volatility (annual)(1) |
% | % | ||||||
| Risk-free rate |
% | % | ||||||
| Estimated time to expiration (years) |
||||||||
| Dividend yield |
% | % | ||||||
(1) |
As revised and discussed in Note 1 — Restatement of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Immaterial Correction of Prior-Period Errors |
| Valuation Assumption— Common Stock Warrants |
June 2, 2022 |
|||
| Stock price |
$ | |||
| Strike price |
$ | |||
| Volatility (annual) |
% | |||
| Risk-free rate |
% | |||
| Estimated time to expiration (years) |
||||
| Dividend yield |
% | |||
September 30, |
December 31, |
|||||||
2022 |
2021 |
|||||||
| Vested Customer warrants |
||||||||
| Unvested Customer warrants |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Key Valuation Assumptions |
||||
| Holding period (in years) |
||||
| Risk free rate |
% | |||
| Probability of the contingency occurrence |
% | |||
| Underlying value per share |
$ | |||
September 30, 2022 |
||||||||||||
Level 1 |
Level 2 |
Level 3 |
||||||||||
(in thousands) |
||||||||||||
| Assets: |
||||||||||||
| Cash Equivalents: |
||||||||||||
| Money Market Funds |
$ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Short-term investments: |
||||||||||||
| United States Treasury Securities |
||||||||||||
| Corporate Bonds |
||||||||||||
| Commercial Paper |
||||||||||||
| Forward Warrant Agreement |
||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Total Assets |
$ |
$ |
$ |
|||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Liabilities: |
||||||||||||
| Derivative warrant liability-Private Warrants |
||||||||||||
| Derivative warrant liability-Public Warrants |
||||||||||||
| Earn-out Liability |
— |
|||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Total Liabilities |
$ |
$ |
$ |
|||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
December 31, 2021 |
||||||||||||
Level 1 |
Level 2 |
Level 3 |
||||||||||
(in thousands) |
||||||||||||
| Liabilities: |
||||||||||||
| Derivative warrant liability — Trinity Warrants |
||||||||||||
| Forward warrant agreement |
|
|
||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Total Liabilities |
$ |
$ |
$ |
|||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Derivative warrant liability-Trinity Warrants |
Derivative warrant liability-Private Warrants |
Forward Warrant Agreement |
Earn-out Liability |
|||||||||||||
(in thousands) |
||||||||||||||||
Balance—December 31, 2021 |
$ |
$ |
— |
$ |
$ |
— |
||||||||||
Initial measurement (as restated and discussed in Note 1) on March 2, 2022 upon Business Combination (Note 3)(1) |
||||||||||||||||
Change in fair values |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||
Extinguishment due to exercise of the warrants |
( |
) | — | — | ||||||||||||
Balance—September 30, 2022 |
$ |
$ |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
||||||||||
| (1) | For discussion on the restatement adjustments, see Note 1 — Restatement of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Immaterial Correction of Prior-Period Errors |
Number of Options |
Weighted-Average Exercise Price |
Weighted- Average Contractual Life (in years) |
Aggregate Intrinsic Value |
|||||||||||||
Outstanding—December 31, 2021 |
$ | $ | ||||||||||||||
Granted |
||||||||||||||||
Exercised |
( |
) | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Forfeited and expired |
( |
) | $ | |||||||||||||
Outstanding—September 30, 2022 |
$ | $ | ||||||||||||||
Exercisable—September 30, 2022 |
$ | $ | ||||||||||||||
RSUs |
Weighted Average Fair Value Per Share |
|||||||
Balance at December 31, 2021 |
||||||||
Granted |
$ | |||||||
Vested |
( |
) | ||||||
Forfeited |
( |
) | ||||||
Balance at September 30, 2022 |
||||||||
3 Months Ended |
9 Months Ended |
|||||||
September 30, |
September 30, |
|||||||
2022 |
2022 |
|||||||
Research and development |
$ | $ | ||||||
Selling and marketing expenses |
||||||||
General and administrative expenses |
||||||||
Total Stock Compensation Expenses |
$ | $ | ||||||
3 Months Ended |
9 Months Ended |
|||||||
September 30, |
September 30, |
|||||||
2021 |
2021 |
|||||||
Research and development |
$ | |
$ | |
||||
Selling and marketing expenses |
||||||||
General and administrative expenses |
||||||||
Total Stock Compensation Expenses |
$ | $ | ||||||
September 30, 2021 |
||||
Expected volatility |
% | |||
Weighted-average risk-free interest rate |
% | |||
Expected dividend yield |
% | |||
Expected term (in years) |
||||
Exercise price |
$ | |||
Three Months Ended September 30, |
||||||||
2022 |
2021 |
|||||||
Net Loss |
$ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | ||
Basic and diluted shares |
||||||||
Weighted-average Common Stock outstanding |
||||||||
Loss per share for Common Stock |
||||||||
— Basic |
$ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | ||
— Diluted |
$ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | ||
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
||||||||
2022 |
2021 |
|||||||
Net Loss |
$ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | ||
Basic and diluted shares |
||||||||
Weighted-average Common Stock outstanding |
||||||||
Loss per share for Common Stock |
||||||||
— Basic |
$ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | ||
— Diluted |
$ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | ||
As of |
||||||||
September 30, |
||||||||
2022 |
2021 |
|||||||
Convertible Series C-1 Preferred Stock(1) |
||||||||
Convertible Series C Preferred Stock (1) |
||||||||
Common Stock Warrants (1) (2) |
||||||||
Stock Options (1) |
||||||||
Restricted Stock Units (1) |
||||||||
| (1) | The number of outstanding shares as of September 30, 2021 have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the Exchange Ratio. |
| (2) | The number of outstanding warrants as of September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021 does not include |
Three Months Ended September 30, |
||||||||||||||||
2022 |
2021 |
|||||||||||||||
Amount |
% |
Amount |
% |
|||||||||||||
(in thousands) |
(in thousands) |
|||||||||||||||
United States |
$ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||
United Kingdom |
% | % | ||||||||||||||
| $ | % | $ | % | |||||||||||||
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
||||||||||||||||
2022 |
2021 |
|||||||||||||||
Amount |
% |
Amount |
% |
|||||||||||||
(in thousands) |
(in thousands) |
|||||||||||||||
United States |
$ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||
United Kingdom |
% | % | ||||||||||||||
| $ | % | $ | % | |||||||||||||
Table of Contents
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements, such as statements of our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. Any statements that are not statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements. When used, the words “believe,” “plan,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “target,” “estimate,” “expect,” “will,” “continue,” “project,” and the like, and/or future tense or conditional constructions (“will,” “may,” “could,” “should,” etc.), or similar expressions, identify certain of these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, including those we describe under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Our actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of a variety of factors.
For purposes of this discussion, “Rigetti,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Rigetti Computing, Inc. and its subsidiaries unless the context otherwise requires.
Restatement of Previously Issued Financial Statements
As discussed in Note 1, Restatement of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Immaterial Correction of Prior-Period Errors, to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we are restating our consolidated financial statements and related financial information for the quarters ended March 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022.
Overview
On March 2, 2022 (the “Closing Date”), we consummated the transactions contemplated by that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of October 6, 2021, as amended on December 23, 2021 and January 10, 2022 (as amended, the “Merger Agreement”), by and among Supernova Partners Acquisition Company II, Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company (“Supernova”), Supernova Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Supernova (the “First Merger Sub”), Supernova Romeo Merger Sub, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Supernova (the “Second Merger Sub”), and Rigetti Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Legacy Rigetti”). As contemplated by the Merger Agreement, on March 1, 2022 Supernova was domesticated as a Delaware corporation and changed its name to “Rigetti Computing, Inc.” (the “Domestication”). On the Closing Date, (i) First Merger Sub merged with and into Legacy Rigetti, the separate corporate existence of First Merger Sub ceased and Legacy Rigetti survived as a wholly owned subsidiary of Rigetti Computing, Inc. (the “Surviving Corporation” and, such merger, the “First Merger”), and (ii) immediately following the First Merger, the Surviving Corporation merged with and into the Second Merger Sub, the separate corporate existence of the Surviving Corporation ceased and Second Merger Sub survived as a wholly owned subsidiary of Rigetti Computing, Inc. and changed its name to “Rigetti Intermediate LLC” (such merger transaction, the “Second Merger” and, together with the First Merger, the “Merger”, and, collectively with the Domestication, the “PIPE Financing” (as defined below) and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, the “Business Combination”). The closing of the Business Combination is herein referred to as “the Closing.”
We build quantum computers and the superconducting quantum processors that power them. We believe quantum computing represents one of the most transformative emerging capabilities in the world today. By leveraging quantum mechanics, we believe our quantum computers process information in fundamentally new, more powerful ways than classical computers. When scaled, it is anticipated that these systems will be poised to solve problems of staggering computational complexity at unprecedented speed.
42
Table of Contents
With the goal of unlocking this opportunity, we have developed the world’s first multi-chip quantum processor for scalable quantum computing systems. We believe that this patented and patent pending, modular chip architecture is the building block for new generations of quantum processors that we expect to achieve a clear advantage over classical computers.
Our long-term business model centers on revenue generated from quantum computing systems made accessible via the cloud in the form of Quantum Computing as a Service (“QCaaS”) products. However, the substantial majority of our revenues is derived from development contracts, and we anticipate this to persist over at least the next several years as we work to ramp up our QCaaS business. Additionally, we are working to further develop a revenue stream and forging important customer relationships by entering into technology development contracts with various partners.
We are a vertically integrated company. We own and operate Fab-1, a dedicated and integrated laboratory and manufacturing facility, through which we own the means of producing our breakthrough multi-chip quantum processor technology. We leverage our chips through a full-stack product development approach, from quantum chip design and manufacturing through cloud delivery. We believe this full-stack development approach offers both the fastest and lowest risk path to building commercially valuable quantum computers.
We have been generating revenue since 2018 through partnerships with government agencies and commercial organizations; however, we have not yet generated profits. We have incurred significant operating losses since inception. Our net losses were $18.8 million and $9.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively, and $48.6 million and $27.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30,2021 respectively. As we expect to continue to invest in research and development infrastructure, we expect to continue to incur additional losses for the foreseeable future in line with our long-term business strategy. As of September 30, 2022, we had an accumulated deficit of $255.8 million.
The Business Combination and PIPE Financing
On October 6, 2021, SNII entered into the Merger Agreement by and among Supernova, First Merger Sub, Second Merger Sub, and Legacy Rigetti. On March 2, 2022, the Business Combination was consummated. While the legal acquirer in the Merger Agreement was Supernova, for financial accounting and reporting purposes under United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”), Rigetti was the accounting acquirer and the Merger was accounted for as a “reverse recapitalization.” A reverse recapitalization does not result in a new basis of accounting, and financial statements of Rigetti represent the continuation of the financial statements of Legacy Rigetti in many respects. Under this method of accounting, Supernova was treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. For accounting purposes, Rigetti was deemed to be the accounting acquirer in the transaction and, consequently, the transaction was treated as a recapitalization of Rigetti (i.e., a capital transaction involving the issuance of stock by Supernova for the stock of Rigetti).
As a result of the Business Combination, all of the shares of Legacy Rigetti Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the Closing (including Legacy Rigetti Common Stock resulting from the Legacy Rigetti preferred stock conversion) were converted into the right to receive an aggregate of 78,959,579 shares of our Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”). Additionally, each issued and outstanding share of Supernova Class A and Class B Common Stock held by Supernova automatically converted to 20,209,462 shares of Common Stock (of which 3,059,273 shares are subject to vesting under certain conditions). Upon consummation of the Business Combination, the most significant change in our reported financial position and results of operations was an increase in cash of $205.0 million (as compared to Rigetti’s balance sheet at December 31, 2021), including $225.6 million of proceeds from the Business Combination and PIPE Financing net against transaction costs incurred by us of $20.65 million.
Additional direct and incremental transaction costs were also incurred by Rigetti in connection with the Business Combination. Generally, costs (e.g., SPAC shares) are recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital. Costs allocated to liability-classified instruments that are subsequently measured at fair value through earnings (e.g., certain SPAC warrants) are expensed. Rigetti’s transaction costs totaled $20.65 million, of which $19.75 million was allocated to equity-classified instruments and recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital, and the remaining $0.9 million was allocated to liability-classified instruments that are subsequently measured at fair value through earnings and recognized as expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
As a result of the Business Combination, we became subject to the reporting requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and listing standards of the Nasdaq Capital Market, which will necessitate us to hire additional personnel and implement procedures and processes to address such public company requirements. We expect to incur additional ongoing expenses as a public company for, among other things, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, director fees, and additional internal and external accounting, legal and administrative resources.
43
Table of Contents
Our future results of consolidated operations and financial position may not be comparable to historical results as a result of the Business Combination.
COVID-19 Update and Other Events
The COVID-19 pandemic and impacts resulting therefrom, including with respect to macroeconomic conditions and supply related issues, continue to evolve and we intend to continue to monitor it closely.
The evolution of the virus is unpredictable and any resurgence may slow down our ability to develop our quantum computing products and related services. The COVID-19 pandemic has limited and could further limit the ability of suppliers and business partners to perform, including third-party suppliers’ ability to provide components, services and materials. We have experienced and may experience further increases in the cost of raw materials.
Following the recent invasion of Ukraine by Russia, the U.S. and global financial markets experienced volatility, which has led to disruptions to trade, commerce, pricing stability, credit availability, supply chain continuity and reduced access to liquidity globally. In response to the invasion, the United States, United Kingdom and European Union, along with others, imposed significant new sanctions and export controls against Russia, Russian banks and certain Russian individuals and may implement additional sanctions or take further punitive actions in the future. The full economic and social impact of the sanctions imposed on Russia and possible future punitive measures that may be implemented, as well as the counter measures imposed by Russia, in addition to the ongoing military conflict between Ukraine and Russia, remains uncertain; however, both the conflict and related sanctions have resulted and could continue to result in disruptions to trade, commerce, pricing stability, credit availability, supply chain continuity and reduced access to liquidity on acceptable terms, in both Europe and globally, and has introduced significant uncertainty into global markets. As a result, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected by the ongoing conflict between Ukraine and Russia and related sanctions, particularly to the extent it escalates to involve additional countries, further economic sanctions or wider military conflict.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we experienced supply chain challenges, which we largely attribute to the COVID-19 pandemic and the general disruptions resulting from the ongoing conflict between Ukraine and Russia and related sanctions, as well as increases in costs of component parts, labor and raw materials, which we largely attribute to rising inflation and high demand as a result of restricted supply. We expect these increased costs to remain high as the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ukraine-Russia conflict and their respective effects persist. As global economic conditions recover from the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ukraine-Russia conflict and the related sanctions, business activity may not recover as quickly as anticipated, and it is not possible at this time to estimate the long-term impact that these and related events could have on our business, as the impact will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. For instance, product demand may be reduced due to an economic recession, a decrease in corporate capital expenditures, prolonged unemployment, rising inflation and interest rates, labor shortages, reduction in consumer confidence, adverse geopolitical and macroeconomic events, or any similar negative economic condition. In addition, global economic conditions have been worsening, with disruptions to, and volatility and uncertainty in, the credit and financial markets in the U.S. and worldwide resulting from the effects of COVID-19 and increases in inflation and interest rates. If these conditions persist and deepen, we could experience an inability to access additional capital or our liquidity could otherwise be impacted. If we are unable to raise capital when needed or on attractive terms, we would be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate our research and development programs and other efforts. However, like many other companies, we are taking actions to monitor our operations to account for the increases in cost of capital. Specifically, this includes efforts to enhance our operational efficiency, maximize our R&D spend through strategic collaborations, and being highly selective in hiring top-tier talent.
Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical, and macroeconomic conditions, some of which we have already experienced, include those described throughout the “Risk Factors” included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the risk factor titled “We have been, and may in the future be, adversely affected by the global COVID-19 pandemic, its various strains or future pandemics” and “Unfavorable conditions in our industry or the global economy, could limit our ability to grow our business and negatively affect our results of operations.”
44
Table of Contents
Change in Fiscal Year
In October 2021, our board of directors approved a change to our fiscal year-end from January 31 to December 31, effective December 31, 2021. We believe the year-end change is important and useful to our financial statement users to allow for increased comparability with our industry peers. As a result of this change, our fiscal year now begins on January 1 and ends on December 31 of each year, starting on January 1, 2022. Year-over-year quarterly financial data has been and will continue to be recast to be comparative with the new fiscal quarter ends in the new fiscal year.
Key Components of Results of Operations
Revenue
We generate revenue through our development contracts, as well as from our QCaaS offerings and other services including training and provision of quantum computing components. Development contracts are generally multi-year, non-recurring arrangements pursuant to which we provide professional services regarding collaborative research in practical applications of quantum computing to technology and business problems within the customer’s industry or organization and assists the customer in developing quantum algorithms and applications to assist customers in areas of business interest. QCaaS revenue is recognized on a ratable basis over the contract term or on a usage basis, which generally ranges from three months to two years. Revenue related to development contracts and other services is recognized as the related milestones are completed or over time, as the work required to complete these milestones is completed. Revenue related to the sale of custom quantum computing components is recognized at a point in time upon acceptance by the customer.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue consists primarily of all direct and indirect cost associated with providing QCaaS offerings and development contracts and other services, including employee salaries and employee related costs, including compensation, bonuses, employee taxes and benefit costs of program management and personnel associated with the delivery of goods and services to customers and sub-contract costs for work performed by third parties. Cost of revenue also includes an allocation of facility costs, depreciation and amortization directly related to providing the QCaaS offerings and development contracts and other services. We expect cost of revenue to increase as we continue to expand on our operations, enhance our service offerings and expand our customer base.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses consist of sales and marketing, general and administrative and research and development expenses.
Research and Development
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses include compensation, employee benefits, stock-based compensation, outside consultant fees, allocation of facility costs, depreciation and amortization, materials and components purchased for research and development. We expect research and development expenses to increase as we invest in the enhancement of our product offerings. We do not currently capitalize any research and development expenditures.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of compensation including stock-based compensation, employee benefits of sales and marketing employees, outside consultants’ fees, travel and marketing and promotion costs. We expect selling and marketing expenses to increase as we continue to expand on our operations, enhance our service offerings, expand our customer base, and implement new marketing strategies.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses include compensation, employee benefits, stock-based compensation, legal, insurance, finance administration and human resources, an allocation of facility costs (including leases), bad debt costs, professional service fees, and an allocation of other general overhead costs including depreciation and amortization to support our operations, which consist of operations other than associated with providing QCaaS offerings and development contracts and other services. We expect our general and administrative expenses to increase as we continue to grow our business. We also expect to incur additional expenses as a result of operating as a public company.
45
Table of Contents
Provision for Income Taxes
Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We have recorded a full valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets.
Results of Operations
Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 compared to Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
The following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods indicated:
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, | 2022 versus 2021 | September 30, | 2022 versus 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | $ Change | % Change | 2022 | 2021 | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ( In thousands) | ( In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue: |
$ | 2,804 | $ | 2,919 | $ | (115 | ) | -4 | % | $ | 7,042 | $ | 6,818 | $ | 224 | 3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue |
776 | 446 | 330 | 74 | % | 2,063 | 1,083 | 980 | 90 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total gross profit |
2,028 | 2,473 | (445 | ) | -18 | % | 4,979 | 5,735 | (756 | ) | -13 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development |
17,365 | 7,484 | 9,881 | 132 | % | 44,040 | 21,915 | 22,125 | 101 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing |
1,960 | 782 | 1,178 | 151 | % | 4,922 | 1,738 | 3,184 | 183 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative |
14,027 | 3,376 | 10,651 | 315 | % | 38,371 | 8,608 | 29,763 | 346 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses |
33,352 | 11,642 | 21,710 | 186 | % | 87,333 | 32,261 | 55,072 | 171 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Loss from operations |
(31,324 | ) | (9,169 | ) | (22,155 | ) | 242 | % | (82,354 | ) | (26,526 | ) | (55,828 | ) | 210 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Other (expense) income, net: |
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| Interest expense |
(1,436 | ) | (589 | ) | (847 | ) | 144 | % | (3,811 | ) | (1,077 | ) | (2,734 | ) | 254 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income |
1,042 | 2 | 1,040 | nm | 1,172 | 9 | 1,163 | nm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities |
8,103 | — | 8,103 | nm | 19,853 | — | 19,853 | nm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of earn-out liability |
4,860 | — | 4,860 | nm | 17,418 | — | 17,418 | nm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction cost |
— | — | — | nm | (927 | ) | — | (927 | ) | nm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income |
— | — | — | nm | — | (23 | ) | 23 | -100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Total other income (expense), net |
12,569 | (587 | ) | 13,156 | 33,705 | (1,091 | ) | 34,796 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss before provision for income taxes |
(18,755 | ) | (9,756 | ) | (8,999 | ) | (48,649 | ) | (27,617 | ) | (21,032 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes |
— | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Net loss |
$ | (18,755 | ) | $ | (9,756 | ) | $ | (8,999 | ) | $ | (48,649 | ) | $ | (27,617 | ) | $ | (21,032 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
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Revenue
Revenue decreased $0.1 million, or 4%, to $2.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, down from $2.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The period over period change is attributable to a decrease in revenue of $2.0 million due to the completion of phase 1 of two government revenue contracts prior to July 2022, offset by a total $1.9 million increase in revenue from commencing phase 2 of a large government agency project of $0.4 million, a new fiscal year 2022 government agency project of $0.2 million, QCaaS usage from customers of $1.0 million, and revenue from other projects of $0.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022.
Revenue increased $0.2 million, or 3%, to $7.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, up from $6.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The period over period increase was primarily attributable to an increase in revenue of $0.9 million due to the start of two new government contracts, increase in revenue due to the expansion in scope of one U.S. commercial project of $0.4 million, increase in revenue for other projects for a total of $0.1 million, offset by a $0.6 million decrease in revenue related to a U.K. government agency project in the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and a $0.7 million decrease in revenue due to the delay in certain anticipated work on a U.S. government project initially expected to take place in the third quarter of 2022 and now expected to take place in fiscal year 2023.
These development contracts are fixed price milestone or cost share-based contracts and the timing and amounts of revenue recognized in each quarter will therefore vary based on the delivery of the associated milestones and/ or the work performed. We expect to continue to generate the majority of our revenue from development contracts over at least the next several years and that revenue will be variable in timing and size as we work to ramp up our QCaaS business for the longer term. In addition, as previously disclosed, we are negotiating contracts with a government entity that is also an existing customer and the contracting process has
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taken longer than anticipated. Accordingly, there is a risk that some of the $4.0 million revenue we anticipate from these contracts would be deferred to later fiscal periods after the 2022 fiscal year if the contract negotiations are not completed, the contracts are not executed and we are unable to invoice for the full amount in 2022. Moreover, if negotiations result in contract terms that are less favorable than we anticipated, the total expected value of these contracts could decrease. Additionally, a portion of such anticipated revenue relates to work that has already been performed and costs that have already been incurred. While we have made progress in the negotiation and expect to complete the negotiation prior to the current fiscal year end, we cannot assure the execution of these contracts or receipt of payment by the end of the fiscal year. If the contracts are not ultimately executed, it would likely be very difficult to realize the expected revenue from this government entity and we may be unable to recoup all or a portion of costs already incurred.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue increased by $0.3 million, or 74%, to $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was mainly attributable to an increase in subcontractor costs of $0.3 million associated with specific projects and collaborative development contract services work with government agencies.
Cost of revenue increased by $1.0 million, or 90%, to $2.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was mainly attributable to an increase in employee-related costs of $0.2 million and subcontractor costs of $0.8 million associated with specific projects and collaborative development contract services work with government agencies.
We expect these costs to increase as we expand headcount and increase third party subcontractor costs related to our collaborative development contract services work with government agencies. In addition, we have incurred and may continue to incur increased costs associated with equipment, system components and labor due to current global economic conditions, including inflation, labor shortages and supply conditions.
Operating Expenses
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses increased by $9.9 million, or 132%, to $17.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, from $7.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily attributable to:
| • | a $7.5 million increase in employee related costs in the three months ended September 30, 2022, due to an increase in headcount and related wage costs of $1.8 million, and a $5.7 million increase in stock compensation expense which includes annual refresh grants of restricted stock to employees of $4.6 million. |
| • | a $2.4 million increase associated with the continued and expanded investment in research and development efforts, including a $1.5 million increase in software subscription and material costs, a $0.4 million increase in rent and utilities related to expansion of facilities, and a $0.5 million increase in associated depreciation from increased capital expenditures. |
Research and development expenses increased by $22.1 million, or 101%, to $44.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, from $21.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily attributable to:
| • | a one-time correction during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 representing estimated electrical utility fees for a portion of the electrical usage at our Berkeley facility from February 2019 to December 30, 2021, which was an out-of-period adjustment. We have cumulatively recorded an accrual of $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, and an additional $0.1 million to accrue for the three months ended June 30, 2022. For further detail on these additional expenses, see Note 1 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022 included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The actual amount of fees that we may be required to pay to our electricity provider and any related costs, expenses or penalties may be higher or more significant than the estimates described above. |
| • | a $13.9 million increase in employee related costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 due to an increase in headcount and resulting wage costs of $4.3 million, a $9.6 million increase in stock compensation expense, which includes annual refresh grants of restricted stock to employees in the three months ended September 30, 2022 and a one-time cumulative recognition of previously deferred stock compensation expense of $1.6 million related to the satisfaction of the liquidity condition with respect to outstanding stock units recognized as a result of the close of the Business Combination in March 2022; and |
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| • | a $6.6 million increase associated with the ongoing and expanded investment in research and development efforts, including a $4.8 million increase in software subscription and material costs, a $0.8 million increase in rent and utilities, and a $1.0 million increase in depreciation. |
We expect research and development expenses to increase as we continue to invest in the enhancement of our product offerings, including with respect to the cost of building QPU fridges, quantum chip fabrication costs, expansion of facilities and general salaries and wages. In addition, we have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, increased research and development expenses due to increasing costs of labor, including expenses associated with stock compensation in order to attract and retain qualified personnel, including in connection with our search for a new president and chief executive officer; equipment and component costs impacted by the current macroeconomic environment including supply chain constraints; and labor shortages.
Sales and Marketing Expenses
Sales and marketing increased by $1.2 million, or 151%, to $2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, from $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily driven by a $0.9 million increase in stock compensation and a $0.3 million increase in consultant and other spending on sales and development activities for the purpose of customer growth and acquisition.
Sales and marketing increased $3.2 million, or 183%, to $4.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, from $1.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily driven by a $0.9 million increase in employee related costs, a $1.5 million increase in stock compensation of which $0.4 million was related to the satisfaction of the liquidity condition with respect to outstanding stock units recognized as a result of the close of the Business Combination in March 2022, and a $0.8 million increase in consultant and other spending on sales and development activities for the purpose of customer growth and acquisition.
We expect selling and marketing expenses to increase as we seek to expand and enhance our service offerings as well as expand our operations and customer base globally. In addition, we anticipate implementing new marketing strategies with respect to customer acquisition efforts and product marketing campaigns as our technology and product offerings expand.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses increased by $10.6 million, or 315%, to $14.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, from $3.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was attributable to:
| • | a $1.3 million increase in legal and accounting costs related to enhanced public reporting requirements, investor relation costs and other software acquisition costs; |
| • | a $0.9 million increase in employee related costs as a result of operating as a public company, including higher executive salaries and increased headcount-related wages to build and upgrade the resources to operate as a public company and to build out our information security team; |
| • | a $8.0 million increase in RSU, grants, and stock compensation expense; |
| • | a $0.7 million increase in other costs including directors’ and officers’ insurance and other office expenses attributable to a return to in-office work; and |
| • | a $0.1 million increase in depreciation |
These costs were partially offset by the gain in change in fair value of our Forward Warrant Agreement of $0.4 million which was entered into with Ampere as part of our strategic collaboration agreement.
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General and administrative expenses increased by $29.8 million, or 346%, to $38.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, from $8.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was attributable to:
| • | a $25.0 million increase in stock compensation expense; which includes a one-time cumulative recognition of previously deferred stock compensation expense of $6.9 million related to the satisfaction of the liquidity condition with respect to outstanding stock units recognized as a result of the closing of the Business Combination; |
| • | a $3.7 million increase in legal and accounting costs related to enhanced public reporting requirements, investor relation costs and other software acquisition costs; |
| • | a $2.9 million increase in employee related costs as a result of operating as a public company, including higher executive salaries and increased headcount-related wages to build and upgrade the resources to operate as a public company and to build out our information security team; |
| • | One-time transaction bonuses awarded to employees in recognition of the closing of the Business Combination and associated taxes of $1.8 million; and |
| • | a $1.9 million increase in other costs including directors’ and officers’ insurance and other office expenses attributable to return to office work. |
These costs were partially offset by the gain in change in fair value of our Forward Warrant Agreement of $5.5 million which was entered into with Ampere as part of our strategic collaboration agreement.
We expect general and administrative expenses to increase as we operate as a public company.
Other Income (Expense), net
Interest Expense
Interest expense was $1.4 million and $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Interest expense was $3.8 million and $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in expense was a result of the Loan Agreement we entered into with Trinity Capital Inc. (“Trinity”) in March 2021 (as amended from time to time, the “Loan Agreement”). The period over period increase was a combination of the Federal Reserve increasing interest rates in response to inflation and a longer interest period during the three and nine months ended September 2022. For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022, interest expense was based on the overall borrowings under the Loan Agreement of $32.0 million for a three-month and nine-month interest period with higher interest rates, while for the same period in 2021, interest expense was based on borrowings under the Loan Agreement within a range of $12.0 to $20.0 million for a shorter interest period of six months and 10 days based on lower interest rates.
Interest Income
Interest income was $1.0 million and $2 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Interest income was $1.2 million and $9 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in interest income was a result of the available-for-sales investments we hold and the increase in interest rates on deposits due to Federal Reserve rate increases. As of September 30, 2022, investment securities in our Trust Account consisted of $33.0 million in money market funds, $57.7 million in United States Treasury securities, $3.6 million in corporate bonds and $25.9 million in commercial paper. We earned interest on such investments. We did not hold available-for-sales investments and did not earn interest on such investments during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liabilities
A discussion of change in fair value of warranty liabilities is included in Note 10 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022, included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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Change in Fair Value of Earn-out Liability
A discussion of change in fair value of earn-out liability is included in Note 2, Sponsor Earn-Out Liability, to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022, included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Transaction Costs
Transaction costs arose from the Business Combination allocated to liability-classified instruments that are subsequently measured at fair value through earnings must be expensed as incurred. We incurred total transaction costs of $0.9 million allocated to liability-classified instruments for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022. We did not incur any transaction costs for the comparable nine months ended September 30, 2021. We did not incur any transaction costs as part of the results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We have incurred net losses since inception, and experienced negative cash flows from operations. Prior to the Business Combination, we financed our operations primarily through the issuance of preferred stock, warrants, convertible notes, venture backed debt and revenues. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we incurred net losses of $48.6 million. As of September 30, 2022, we had an accumulated deficit of $255.8 million, and we expect to incur additional losses and higher operating expenses for the foreseeable future in line with our long-term business and investment strategy. In connection with the closing of the Business Combination on March 2, 2022, we received a total of $225.6 million from the Business Combination and PIPE Investment, net against transaction costs incurred by us. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, including net proceeds from the Business Combination, should be sufficient to meet our anticipated operating cash needs for at least the next 12 months based on our current business plan and expectations and assumptions considering current macroeconomic conditions. We have based these estimates on assumptions that may prove to be wrong and we could use our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect, and future capital requirements and the adequacy of available funds will depend on many factors, including those described in the section titled “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Global economic conditions have been worsening, with disruptions to, and volatility in, the credit and financial markets in the U.S. and worldwide resulting from the effects of COVID-19 and otherwise. If these conditions persist and deepen, we could experience an inability to access additional capital or our liquidity could otherwise be impacted. If we are unable to raise capital when needed or on attractive terms, we would be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate our research and development programs and/or other efforts. A recession or additional market corrections resulting from the impact of the evolving effects of the COVID-19 pandemic could materially affect our business and the value of our securities.
Our short-term cash requirements include capital expenditures for materials and components for research and development and quantum computing fridges; working capital requirements; and strategic collaborative arrangements and investments.
Our long-term requirements include expenditures for the planned expansion of our quantum chip fabrication facility; planned development of multiple generations of quantum processors; and anticipated additional investments to scale our QCaaS offering.
We will require a significant amount of cash for expenditures as we invest in ongoing research and development and business operations. Until such time as we can generate significant revenue from sales of our development contracts and other services, including our QCaaS offering, we expect to finance our cash needs primarily through our Loan Agreement with Trinity, our arrangements with Ampere, our committed equity financing with B. Riley, and other equity or debt financings or other capital sources, including development contract revenue with government agencies and strategic partnerships. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, including through the use of our committed equity financing with B. Riley, the ownership interest of our stockholders will be, or could be, diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of our common stockholders. Debt financing and equity financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, or substantially reduce our quantum computing development efforts. Our future capital requirements and the adequacy of available funds will depend on many factors, including those set forth in the section titled “Risk Factors” included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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In addition, actual sales, if any, of shares of our Common Stock to B. Riley pursuant to the committed equity financing will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by us from time to time, including, among other things, market conditions, the trading price of our Common Stock and determinations by us as to appropriate sources of funding for our business and operations. We cannot guarantee the extent to which we may utilize the committed equity financing.
Loan and Security Agreement
On March 10, 2021, we entered into the Loan Agreement with Trinity for term loans with a principal amount of $12.0 million, bearing an interest rate of the greater of 7.5% plus the prime rate published by the Wall Street Journal or 11.0%. In addition, we are required to pay a final payment fee equal to 2.75% of the aggregate amount of all term loan advances. The term loans under the Loan Agreement are secured by all of our assets. The Loan Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants, but does not include any financial covenants. The negative covenants include restrictions on the ability to incur indebtedness, pay dividends, execute fundamental change transactions, and other specified actions. In connection with entry into the Loan Agreement, we issued a warrant to purchase our shares of Common Stock to Trinity. The Guarantor of the loan is Rigetti Holdings, Inc. and the loan is secured by substantially all of our assets.
On May 18, 2021, we entered into a first amendment to the Loan Agreement, which modified certain financial covenants, including an additional good faith deposit of $20,000 and adding a tranche B to the Loan Agreement in an aggregate amount of $15.0 million, consisting of two advances of $8.0 million and $7.0 million each. In connection with such amendment, the maturity date was modified to be the date equal to 48 months from the first payment date of each specific cash advance. In connection with such amendment, we cancelled the initial warrants and issued a warrant to purchase 995,099 shares of our Common Stock.
On October 21, 2021, we entered into a second amendment to the Loan Agreement, which modified the date requiring us to deliver evidence of completion of the PIPE transaction and execution of a definitive merger agreement with a special purpose acquisition company to October 31, 2021.
Pursuant to the second amendment, the maturity date was modified to be the date equal to 48 months from the first payment date of each specific cash advance. Subject to an interest only period of 18 months following each specific cash advance date, the term loan incurs interest at the greater of a variable interest rate based on prime rate or 11% per annum, payable monthly. Interest-only payments are due monthly immediately following an advance for a period of 18 months and, beginning on the 19th month, principal and interest payments are due monthly.
In January 2022, we entered into the third amendment to the Loan Agreement to increase the debt commitment by $5.0 million to $32.0 million. The amendment allows us to draw an additional $5.0 million immediately with an additional $8.0 million to be drawn at the sole discretion of the lender. We drew the additional $5.0 million upon signing the amendment. Other modifications per the amendment included an extension of the requirement to raise an additional $75.0 million of equity and a defined exit fee for the additional $5.0 million to be at 20% of the advanced funds under the amendment. In conjunction with the amendment, we also guaranteed payment of all monetary amounts owed and performance of all covenants, obligations and liabilities. As of September 30, 2022, the total principal amount outstanding under the Loan Agreement was approximately $32.0 million. We use borrowings under the Loan Agreement for working capital purposes.
The Loan Agreement is secured by a first-priority security interest in substantially all of our assets. As of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we are in compliance with all covenants under the Loan Agreement.
Our cash commitments as of September 30, 2022 were primarily as follows (in thousands):
| Total | Short-Term | Long-Term | ||||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||
| Financing obligations |
$ | 32,000 | $ | 5,974 | $ | 26,026 | ||||||
| Operating lease obligations |
9,660 | 1,317 | 8,343 | |||||||||
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| Total |
$ | 41,660 | $ | 7,291 | $ | 34,369 | ||||||
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Financing obligations consist of payments related to the Loan and Security Agreement. Operating lease obligations consist of obligations under non-cancelable operating leases for our offices and facilities. The cash requirements in the table above are associated with contracts that are enforceable and legally binding and that specify all significant terms, including fixed or minimum services to be used, fixed, minimum or variable price provisions, and the approximate timing of the actions under the contracts. The table does not include obligations under agreements that we can cancel without a significant penalty.
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Summary of Historical Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated (in thousands):
| Nine Months Ended September 30, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
2022 versus 2021 | ||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | $ Change | ||||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities |
$ | (48,482 | ) | $ | (22,538 | ) | $ | (25,944 | ) | |||
| Net cash used in investing activities |
(106,480 | ) | (5,789 | ) | (100,691 | ) | ||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities |
217,089 | 20,256 | 196,833 | |||||||||
Cash Flows Used in Operating Activities
Our cash flows from operating activities are significantly affected by our ability to achieve significant growth to offset expenditures related to research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative activities. Our operating cash flows are also affected by our working capital needs to support growth in personnel-related expenditures and fluctuations in accounts payable and other current assets and liabilities.
Net cash used in operating activities increased by $25.9 million, or 115%, when comparing the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to the same period in 2021. The increase in spending was primarily due to:
| • | an increase in headcount and payroll related costs of $10.7 million as a result of investments in research and development efforts combined with upgrading internal and external resources to operate as a public company including a one-time bonus related to the business combination of $2.1 million; |
| • | an $8.1 million increase in legal and accounting costs related to enhanced public reporting requirements, investor relation costs, and other software acquisition costs; |
| • | a prepayment of insurance premium for directors and officers of $3.3 million; |
| • | a $2.8 million in additional interest costs related to increased borrowing amounts associated with the Loan Agreement; and |
| • | total transaction costs of $1.0 million incurred in connection with the closing of the Business Combination. |
Net cash used in operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $48.5 million, resulting primarily from a net loss of $48.6 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $4.8 million in depreciation; $37.6 million in stock-based compensation; $19.9 million gain from change in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities related to the Loan Agreement, Private Warrants (as defined below), and Public Warrants (as defined below); $5.5 million gain from change in fair value of the forward warrant agreement with Ampere; $17.4 million gain from change in fair value for contingent earn-out liabilities; $1.1 million in amortization of debt financing costs and $0.4 million in accretion of available-for-sale securities. These non-cash charges were partially offset by adjustments for changes in operating assets and liabilities seen during the period. Changes in operating assets and liabilities accounted for $0.2 million of cash used in operations. The changes primarily consisted of an increase in accounts receivable of $0.8 million; an increase in prepaid and current assets of $2.3 million; a decrease in accounts payable of $0.7 million; offset by an increase in accrued expenses and other current liabilities of $3.6 million.
Net cash used in operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $22.5 million, resulting primarily from a net loss of $27.6 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $3.6 million in depreciation and $1.6 million in stock-based compensation. Changes in operating assets and liabilities was $0.2 million of cash used in operations, which primarily consisted of an increase in prepaid and current assets of $0.6 million; a decrease in deferred revenue of $0.6 million, a decrease in other liabilities of $0.2 million; offset by an increase in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities of $1.2 million. We expect to incur increased electrical utility expenses in the future. We also expect to incur costs related to our management transition, including with respect to the resignation of Dr. Chad Rigetti, the appointment of Mr. Rick Danis as our Interim President and Chief Executive Officer and in connection with the ongoing search for and anticipated appointment of a new chief executive officer, in addition to additional legal and consulting fees related to the pending restatement of our first and second quarter 2022 financial statements.
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Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $106.5 million, resulting from the addition of $19.3 million in property and equipment and the addition of $87.2 million in available-for-sale securities. Investments made into property and equipment during this period relate primarily to process computing equipment, quantum computing fridges, and development tools for our chip fabrication facility. Investments in available-for-sale securities consist of U.S Treasury securities, commercial paper, and corporate bonds that have a maturity of one year or less. Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, increased by $100.7 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, largely as a result of increased investment in available-for-sale securities and research and development infrastructure. We are continuing to invest in the expansion of our Fab 1 facility and expect to make additional investments with respect to electricity upgrades. Thus, we foresee an increase in cash used for capital expenditures in the future.
Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $5.8 million, representing additions of $5.8 million to property and equipment.
Cash Flows provided by Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $217.1 million, reflecting $225.6 million from the Business Combination and PIPE Investment net against SNII transaction costs, offset by transaction costs paid directly by Rigetti of $18.4 million; the additional proceeds from the issuance of debt and warrants of $5.0 million associated with the Loan Agreement, less cash payments for debt issuance costs and exit fees totaling $1.1 million; and proceeds from issuance of Common Stock upon exercise of stock options and warrants of $6.0 million.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, net cash provided by financing activities was $20.3 million, mainly reflecting proceeds from the issuance of debt for a total amount of $20.0 million and proceeds from issuance of Common Stock upon exercise of stock options and warrants for a total $0.3 million.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is based on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We also make estimates and assumptions on revenue generated and reported expenses incurred during the reporting periods. Our estimates are based on its historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
While our significant accounting policies are described in the Notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine-month period ended September 30, 2022, included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we believe the following critical accounting policies are most important to understanding and evaluating our reported financial results.
Public and Private Warrants
Prior to the Business Combination, Supernova issued 4,450,000 private placement warrants (“Private Warrants”) and 8,625,000 public warrants (“Public Warrants” and collectively, “Warrants”). Each whole warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of our Common Stock at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustments and will expire five years after the Merger or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.
The Private Warrants do not meet the derivative scope exception and are accounted for as derivative liabilities. Specifically, the Private Warrants contain provisions that cause the settlement amounts dependent upon the characteristics of the holder of the warrant which is not an input into the pricing of a fixed-for-fixed option on equity shares. Therefore, the Private Warrants are not considered indexed to our stock and should be classified as a liability. Since the Private Warrants meet the definition of a derivative, we recorded the Private Warrants as liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet at fair value upon the closing of the Business Combination, with subsequent changes in the fair value recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations at each reporting date. The fair value of the Private Warrants was measured using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model at each measurement date. The Public Warrants also fail to meet the indexation guidance in ASC 815 and are accounted for as liabilities as the Public Warrants include a provision whereby in a scenario on which there is not an effective registration statement, the warrant holders have a cap, 0.361 Common Stock per warrant (subject to adjustment), on the issuable number of shares in a cashless exercise.
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Subsequent to the separate listing and trading of the Public Warrants, the fair value of the Public Warrants has been measured based on the observable listed prices for such warrants and the fair value of the Private Warrants are measured using a Monte Carlo Pricing Model.
On the consummation of the Business Combination, we recorded a liability related to the Private Warrants of $9.6 million, with an offsetting entry to additional paid-in capital. On September 30, 2022, the fair value of the Private Warrants decreased to $2.2 million, with the gain on the change in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Similarly, on the consummation of the Business Combination, we recorded a liability related to the Public Warrants of $16.3 million, with an offsetting entry to additional paid-in capital. On September 30, 2022, the fair value of the Public Warrants decreased to $1.9 million with the gain on the change in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Other Derivative Warrant Liabilities
We currently do not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow, market, or foreign currency risks. We evaluate all of our financial instruments, including issued stock purchase warrants, to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives, pursuant to ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”) at the initial recognition.
Other than the Public and Private Warrants noted above, we also issued a total of 783,129 Common Stock warrants in conjunction with the Loan Agreement in 2021. Such derivative warrant liabilities are classified as non-current as their liquidation is not reasonably expected to require the use of current assets or require the creation of current liabilities. We utilized Black-Scholes model to determine grant fair value of the warrants which was approximately $2.7 million which was recorded as part of Debt Issuance Cost. The outstanding Common Stock warrants were recognized as liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet and were measured at their inception date fair value using the Black-Scholes model and were subsequently remeasured at each reporting period with change recorded as a component of other income in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
The warrant liability balance was $6.4 million as of June 2, 2022, at which time all outstanding Trinity Warrants of 783,129 were exercised into shares of the Company’s Common Stock and the warrant liability was reclassified to equity upon such exercise. The fair value of the warrant liability of $6.4 million was reclassified to equity upon such exercise. We recorded a total loss of $0 and $2.2 million to Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liability as a component of other income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.
Earn-Out Liability
At Business Combination Closing, the Sponsor subjected certain shares (“Sponsor Vesting Shares”) of Common Stock held by the Sponsor Holders to forfeiture and vesting as of the Closing if thresholds related to the weighted average price of Common Stock are not met for the duration of various specified consecutive day trading periods during the five-year period following the Closing (the “Earn-out Triggering Events”). Any such shares held by the Sponsor Holders that remain unvested after the fifth anniversary of the Closing will be forfeited.
The Sponsor Vesting Shares issued in related to the Business Combination are accounted for as liability classified instruments because the Earn-Out Triggering Events that determine the number of Sponsor Vesting Shares to be earned back by the Sponsor include outcomes that are not solely indexed to our Common Stock. The aggregate fair value of the Sponsor Vesting Shares on the Business Combination Closing was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation model and was determined to be $20.4 million at Closing.
As of September 30, 2022, the Earn-Out Triggering Events were not achieved for any of the tranches, and as such, the Company adjusted the carrying amount of the liability to its estimated fair value of $3.0 million. The change in the fair value of $4.9 million and $17.4 million is included in gain on fair value change, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.
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Forward Warrant Agreement
In connection with the execution of the Merger Agreement in October 2021, we entered into the Forward Warrant Agreement with Ampere for the purchase of a warrant for an aggregate purchase price (including amounts from exercise) of $10.0 million. The Forward Warrant Agreement provides for the issuance of a warrant for the purchase of an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.0001. The purchase of the warrant was conditioned upon, among other things, the consummation of the Business Combination and the entry into a collaboration agreement between Ampere and us. The collaboration agreement was entered into in January 2022. Ampere was required to pay $5.0 million to us no later than the later of (i) the Closing and (ii) June 30, 2022.
On June 30, 2022, pursuant to the Warrant Subscription Agreement, we issued the warrant to Ampere upon receipt of an aggregate of $5.0 million (including the exercise price), and upon such payment and issuance, 500,000 shares of our Common Stock vested under the warrant and were immediately exercised by Ampere pursuant to the terms of the warrant. Ampere is required to pay an additional $5.0 million to us no later than the closing date of the listing of Ampere’s capital stock, provided that if the listing has not occurred by the second anniversary of the warrant subscription agreement, Ampere is not obligated to make the additional payment and we are not obligated to issue the warrants. The warrant subscription agreement further provides that we will use commercially reasonable efforts to file a registration statement to register the resale of the shares issued or issuable pursuant to the warrant and upon such payment the warrant will vest and be exercisable by Ampere with respect to 500,000 shares of Common Stock pursuant to the terms of the warrant. We filed such registration statement and it became effective in the three months ended September 30, 2022.
We evaluated the Forward Warrant Agreement as a derivative in conjunction with the guidance of ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity”. We calculated fair value of the Forward Warrant Agreement by using the Forward Contract Pricing methodology at inception and at the end of September 30, 2022. The fair value of the Forward Warrant Agreement was estimated based on the following key inputs and assumptions 1) Assumed holding period 2) Related risk-free rate and 3) Likelihood of the outcome of the various contingencies outlined below. Based on these inputs and assumption, we calculated the fair value of the Forward Warrant Agreement to be a $1.9 million derivative asset at September 30, 2022 and a $0.2 million derivative liability at December 31, 2021, respectively. We have included the derivative asset separately as a forward contract asset on the balance sheet line and the derivative liability in other liabilities (current) in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The change in fair value is recorded as part of the general and administrative operating activities in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue consists primarily of our contracts that provide access to Rigetti quantum computing systems, collaborative research services, professional services, and the sale of custom quantum computing components. Access to Rigetti quantum computing systems can be purchased as a quantum computing subscription, or on a usage basis for a specified quantity of hours. Revenue related to subscription-based access to Rigetti quantum computing systems (i.e., quantum computing subscriptions) is recognized on a ratable basis over the subscription term, which can range from three months to two years. Revenue related to usage-based access to Rigetti quantum computing systems is recognized over time as the systems are accessed using an output method based on compute credit hours expended. Revenue related to collaborative research services and professional services is recognized over time as the services are provided using an input measure based on actual labor hours incurred to date relative to total estimated labor hours needed to complete the program or total contracted hours over the program period. Revenue related to the sale of custom quantum computing components is recognized at a point in time upon acceptance by the customer.
Our fixed fee development contracts vary in term from one to five years, with the majority of such contracts having a term of 18 months to two years. When establishing the pricing for our fixed fee arrangements, we determine the pricing based on estimated costs to complete and expected margins taking into account the scope of work outlined within the contract being evaluated and our historical experience with similar services and contracts. Actual costs incurred over the period in which these contracts are fulfilled could vary from these estimates and therefore, these estimates are subject to uncertainty. On a quarterly basis, management reviews the progress with respect to each contract and its related milestones and evaluates whether any changes in estimates exists. As a result of the quarterly reviews, revisions in the estimated effort to complete the contract are reflected in the period in which the change is identified. These revisions may impact the overall progress related to transfer of control and therefore, result in either increases or decreases in revenues as well as increase or decreases in fulfillment costs and contract margins. In accordance, with ASC No. 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, any changes in estimates are reflected in our consolidated statements of operations in the period in which the circumstances that give rise to the revision become known to the management. To date, we have not experienced any changes in estimates that have had a material impact on our results from operations or financial position.
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When our contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated on a relative standalone selling price basis to each performance obligation. We typically determine standalone selling price based on observable selling prices of our products and services. In instances where standalone selling price is not directly observable, standalone selling price is determined using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs. Standalone selling price is typically established as a range. In situations in which the stated contract price for a performance obligation is outside of the applicable standalone selling price range and has a different pattern of transfer to the customer than the other performance obligations in the contract, we will reallocate the total transaction price to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price of each.
The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods and services to the customer. Revenue is recorded based on the transaction price, which includes fixed consideration and estimates of variable consideration. The amount of variable consideration included in the transaction price is constrained and is included only to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved.
Our contracts with customers may include renewal or other options at fixed prices. Determining whether such options are considered distinct performance obligations that provide the customer with a material right and therefore should be accounted for separately requires significant judgment. Judgment is required to determine the standalone selling price for each renewal option to determine whether the renewal pricing is reflective of standalone selling price or is reflective of a discount that would provide the customer with a material right. Based on our assessment of standalone selling prices, we determined that there were no significant material rights provided to our customers requiring separate recognition.
Stock-Based Compensation
Our share-based compensation awards are all equity-classified and consist of stock options and restricted stock units (“RSU”). Stock options have service vesting conditions ranging from 1 to 5 years. RSUs granted pursuant to our prior equity incentive plan adopted in 2013 have a 4-year service vesting condition and a performance condition linked to the occurrence of a liquidity event defined as a change-in-control event, successful initial public offering or successful merger with a special purpose acquisition company, which was satisfied by the Closing. RSUs outstanding under the 2022 Plan have a service vesting condition only.
Compensation expenses are based on the grant-date fair value of the awards and recognized over the requisite service period using a straight-line method for stock options and RSUs granted under 2022 Plan. Compensation expense for RSUs granted under the 2013 Plan are recognized using a graded vesting method. We have elected to account for forfeitures of employee stock awards as they occur.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
A description of recently issued accounting pronouncements that may potentially impact our financial position and results of operations is disclosed in Note 2 of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Emerging Growth Company and Smaller Reporting Company Status
In April 2012, the JOBS Act was enacted. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” may take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Therefore, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. Following the Business Combination, we still qualify as an emerging growth company and plans to take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period emerging growth company status permits. During the extended transition period, it may be difficult or impossible to compare our financial results with the financial results of another public company that complies with public company effective dates for accounting standard updates because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
We will remain an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act until the earliest of (a) the last day of our first fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of SNII’s initial public offering, (b) the last date of our fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.24 billion, (c) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the rules of the SEC with at least $700.0 million of outstanding securities held by non-affiliates or (d) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the previous three years.
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We are also a “smaller reporting company” as defined in the Exchange Act. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company even after we are no longer an emerging growth company. We may take advantage of certain of the scaled disclosures available to smaller reporting companies and will be able to take advantage of these scaled disclosures for so long as the market value of our voting and non-voting Common Stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250.0 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter, or our annual revenue is less than $100.0 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our voting and non-voting Common Stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700.0 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks
We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information required under this item.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act) as of September 30, 2022. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, our management concluded that, as of September 30, 2022, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the material weakness described below. This material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting relates to the lack of effective review controls over the accounting for complex financial instruments as described further below. We are adding additional controls over the review of complex financial instrument valuations as well as technical accounting resources, which are still being designed and implemented. The material weakness will not be considered remediated until such time as management designs and implements effective controls that operate for a sufficient period of time and has concluded, through testing, that these controls are effective.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a company’s annual or interim consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
After giving full consideration to this material weakness and the additional procedures that we performed, management has concluded that the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly present, in all material respects, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP; however, it could have resulted in a misstatement of account balances or disclosures that would be considered material to the annual or interim consolidated financial statements, and it did result in errors in the financial statements and related disclosures for the quarters ended March 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022, which we are restating as described in Note 1 to the notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Material Weakness
As previously disclosed, in connection with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the nine months ended October 31, 2021, we identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting related to the lack of effective review controls over the accounting for complex financial instruments. Specifically, the controls failed to identify an error in the accounting for complex warrant instruments. The error related to the Company not properly accounting for the liability associated with the warrants to purchase common stock issued to Trinity Capital Inc. that was subsequently cancelled and reissued for a new warrant in connection with an amendment to the Loan Agreement.
In addition, in connection with the preparation of the financial statements for the second quarter of 2022, we also identified and corrected an immaterial error related to the revaluation of the liability associated with the same warrants issued to Trinity Capital.
In connection with the preparation of the financial statements for the third quarter of 2022, we discovered that the previously identified material weakness led to additional material errors related to the valuation of the Earn-out liability and the Private Warrant liability that affected the previously issued unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the periods ended March 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022. These errors will be corrected in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the periods ended March 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022 through a restatement of previously filed financial statements for such periods. See Note 1 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further detail on the impact to previously filed financial statements.
Our management previously concluded that this material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting was due to the fact that at the time we initially identified the material weakness, we did not have sufficient accounting resources and did not have the necessary business processes and related internal controls formally designed and implemented to address the accounting and financial reporting requirements related to these complex instruments. Our design and implementation of controls to evaluate and monitor the accounting for these complex financial instrument liabilities were still not adequate as of September 30, 2022 due to the reasons described above.
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Remediation Plan
Our remediation plan related to the material weakness includes:
| • | incorporating additional controls and procedures over the review of complex financial instrument valuations as well as technical accounting resources to identify the inventory of complex accounting and financial instruments that require accounting analysis and evaluation; |
| • | enhancing the precision of review controls over complex financial instruments; and |
| • | augmenting the review process relating to the valuation analyses performed by the third-party valuation experts and accounting firms that are utilized by the Company. |
The elements of our remediation plan can only be accomplished over time, and we can offer no assurance that these initiatives will ultimately have the intended effects. As management continues to evaluate and work to improve our internal control over financial reporting, management may determine it is necessary to take additional measures to address the material weakness. The material weakness will not be considered remediated unless and until such time as management designs and implements effective controls that operate for a sufficient period of time and concludes, through testing, that these controls are effective. Until the controls have been operating for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively, the material weakness described above will continue to exist. Management will monitor the progress of the remediation plan and report regularly to the audit committee of the board of directors on the progress and results of the remediation plan, including the identification, status and resolution of internal control deficiencies. We can provide no assurance that the measures we have taken and plan to take in the future will remediate the material weakness identified or that any additional material weakness or restatements of financial results will not arise in the future due to a failure to implement and maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting or circumvention of these controls. In addition, even if we are successful in strengthening our controls and procedures, in the future these controls and procedures may not be adequate to prevent or identify irregularities or errors or to facilitate the fair presentation of our financial statements.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Other than the material weakness and remediation efforts described above, there have been no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may be subject to litigation and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. We are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings and we are not aware of any pending or threatened legal proceeding against us that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows or financial condition.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
RISK FACTORS
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below together with all of the other information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q before deciding to invest in our securities. If any of the events or developments described below were to occur, our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition could suffer materially, the trading price of our securities could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also adversely affect our business.
Risks Related to Our Financial Condition and Status as an Early-Stage Company
We are in our early stages and have a limited operating history, which makes it difficult to forecast our future results of operations.
Legacy Rigetti was founded in 2013 and has operated quantum computers over the cloud since 2017. As a result of our limited operating history, our ability to accurately forecast the future results of operations is limited and subject to a number of uncertainties, including our ability to plan for and model future growth. Our ability to generate revenues will largely be dependent on our ability to develop and produce quantum computers with increasing numbers of quantum bits (“qubits”). As of September 30, 2022, the highest number of qubits we have deployed is a quantum computer with 80 qubits. As a result, our scalable business model has not been formed and our technical roadmap may not be realized as quickly as hoped, or even at all. We have in the past failed to meet publicly announced milestones and may fail to meet projected technological milestones in the future. For example, in 2018, we announced that we planned to build and deploy a 128-qubit system over the subsequent twelve months, but have not to date built a 128-qubit system. In addition, this year we updated our technical roadmap, including anticipated timing for the 84Q Ankaa system, the 336Q Lyra system, 1,000+ qubit system, 4,000+ qubit system and incremental milestones relating to applications, access and production, Quantum Cloud Services (“Quantum Cloud Services” or “QCS”), quantum processing units and chip fabrication. We may further update the technical roadmap in the future, including anticipated milestones and anticipated timeline for milestones. Furthermore, we may be unable to achieve the milestones in our technical roadmap on their announced anticipated timeline or at all. The development of our scalable business model will likely require the incurrence of a substantially higher level of costs than incurred to date, while our revenues will not substantially increase unless and until more powerful, scalable computers are produced, which requires a number of technological advancements which may not occur on the currently anticipated timetable or at all. As a result, our historical results should not be considered indicative of our future performance. Further, in future periods, our growth could slow or decline for a number of reasons, including but not limited to slowing demand for our Quantum Cloud Services (“Quantum Cloud Services” or “QCS”), increased competition, changes to technology, inability to scale up our technology, a decrease in the growth of the market, or our failure, for any reason, to continue to take advantage of growth opportunities.
We have also encountered, and will continue to encounter, risks and uncertainties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly changing industries. If our assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties and our future growth are incorrect or change, or if we do not address these risks successfully, our operating and financial results could differ materially from our expectations, and our business could suffer. Our success as a business ultimately relies upon fundamental research and development breakthroughs in the coming years. There is no certainty these research and development milestones will be achieved as quickly as hoped, or even at all.
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We will require a significant amount of cash for expenditures as we invest in ongoing research and development and business operations and may need additional capital sooner than planned to pursue our business objectives and respond to business opportunities, challenges or unforeseen circumstances, and we cannot be sure that additional financing will be available. If we are unable to raise additional funding when needed, we may be required to delay, limit or substantially reduce our quantum computing development efforts.
Our business and future plans for expansion are capital-intensive, and the specific timing of cash inflows and outflows may fluctuate substantially from period to period. We will require a significant amount of cash for expenditures as we invest in ongoing research and development and business operations. For example, in addition to our continuing investment in our technical roadmap we are continuing to invest in the expansion of our Fab-1 facility and expect to make additional investments with respect to electricity upgrades in addition to increased electrical utility fees going forward, and we may be required to pay additional amounts in taxes, penalties or otherwise related to the electrical utility fees that were unpaid and unrecognized in prior periods as discussed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”. In addition, we expect to incur costs related to, among other things, our management transition, including with respect to the resignation of Dr. Chad Rigetti, the appointment of Mr. Rick Danis as our Interim President and Chief Executive Officer and the ongoing search for and anticipated appointment of a new chief executive officer, in addition to additional legal and consulting fees related to the pending restatement of our first and second quarter 2022 financial statements and remediation of our material weakness in internal controls over financial reporting. The actual amounts we may be required to spend on these and other matters may be greater and more significant than our expectations. Our operating plan may change because of factors currently unknown, and we may need to seek additional funds sooner than planned, through public or private equity or debt financings or other sources, such as strategic collaborations. In addition, we may seek additional capital even if we believe that we have sufficient funds for current or future operating plans. Such financings may result in dilution to stockholders, issuance of securities with priority as to liquidation and dividend and other rights more favorable than common stock, imposition of debt covenants and repayment obligations or other restrictions that may adversely affect our business. Any funds we raise may not be sufficient to enable us to continue to implement our long-term business strategy. Further, our ability to raise additional capital may be adversely impacted by worsening global economic conditions and the recent disruptions to and volatility in the credit and financial markets in the United States and worldwide resulting from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and military conflict with Russia and Ukraine and the related sanctions imposed against Russia. There can be no assurance that further deterioration in credit and financial markets and confidence in economic conditions will not occur. A severe or prolonged economic downturn could result in a variety of risks to our business, including weakened demand for any product candidates we may develop and our ability to raise additional capital when needed on acceptable terms, if at all. A weak or declining economy could also strain our suppliers, possibly resulting in supply disruption. If the equity and credit markets deteriorate, it may make any necessary debt or equity financing more difficult, more costly, and more dilutive. Failure to secure any necessary financing in a timely manner and on favorable terms could impair our ability to achieve our growth strategy, could harm our financial performance and stock price and could require us to delay or abandon our business plans. In addition, there is a risk that our current or future suppliers, service providers, manufacturers or other partners may not survive such difficult economic times, which could directly affect our ability to attain our operating goals on schedule and on budget. We cannot anticipate all of the ways in which the current economic climate and financial market conditions could adversely impact our business.
There can be no assurance that financing will be available to us on favorable terms, or at all. The inability to obtain financing when needed may make it more difficult for us to operate our business or implement our growth plans and we may be required to delay, limit or substantially reduce our quantum computing development efforts. In addition, our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of securities could be significantly impacted by the resale of our securities by holders of our securities which could result in a significant decline in the trading price of our securities and potentially hinder our ability to raise capital at terms that are acceptable to us or at all.
We have a history of operating losses and expect to incur significant expenses and continuing losses for the foreseeable future.
We incurred net losses of $48.6 million and $27.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $38.2 million for the eleven months ended December 31, 2021. As of September 30, 2022, we had an accumulated deficit of $255.8 million. We believe that we will continue to incur operating and net losses each quarter until at least the time we begin generating significant revenue from our narrow or broad quantum advantage quantum computers, which may never occur. Even with significant production, our services may never become profitable.
We expect the rate at which we will incur losses to be significantly higher in future periods as we, among other things, continue to incur significant expenses in connection with the design, development and manufacturing of our quantum computers; and as we expand our research and development activities; invest in manufacturing capabilities; build up inventories of components for our quantum computers; increase our sales and marketing activities; develop our infrastructure; and increase our general and administrative functions to support our growing operations and our being a public company. We may find that these efforts are more expensive than we currently anticipate or that these efforts may not result in revenues, which would further increase our losses. If we are unable to achieve and/or sustain profitability, or if we are unable to achieve the growth that we expect from these investments, it could have a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Our business model is unproven and may never allow us to cover our costs.
Our operating results may be adversely affected by unfavorable economic and market conditions.
An adverse change in market conditions, including a sustained decline in our stock price, negative changes to the Company’s position in the market, or lack of growth in demand for our products and services could be considered to be an impairment triggering event. Such changes in the future could impact valuation assumptions relating to the recoverability of assets and may result in impairment charges to our goodwill or long-lived asset balances, which would negatively impact our operating results and harm our business.
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If we determine that our goodwill and long-lived assets have become impaired, we may incur impairment charges, which would negatively impact our operating results.
We may not be able to scale our business quickly enough to meet customer and market demand, which could result in lower profitability or cause us to fail to execute on our business strategies.
In order to grow our business, we will need to continually evolve and scale our business and operations to meet customer and market demand. Quantum computing technology has never been sold at large-scale commercial levels. Evolving and scaling our business and operations places increased demands on our management as well as our financial and operational resources to:
| • | attract new customers and grow our customer base; |
| • | maintain and increase the rates at which existing customers use our platform, sell additional products and services to our existing customers, and reduce customer churn; |
| • | invest in our platform and product offerings; |
| • | effectively manage organizational change; |
| • | accelerate and/or refocus research and development activities; |
| • | expand manufacturing and supply chain capacity; |
| • | increase sales and marketing efforts; |
| • | broaden customer-support and services capabilities; |
| • | maintain or increase operational efficiencies; |
| • | implement appropriate operational and financial systems; and |
| • | establish and maintain effective financial disclosure controls and procedures and remediate material weaknesses thereof. |
Commercial traction of quantum computing technology may never occur. As noted above, there are significant technological challenges associated with developing, producing, marketing and selling services in the advanced technology industry, including our services, and we may not be able to resolve all of the difficulties that may arise in a timely or cost-effective manner, or at all. We may not be able to cost effectively manage production at a scale or quality consistent with customer demand in a timely or economical manner.
Our ability to scale is dependent also upon components we must source from multiple industries including: from the electronics industry with low-noise microwave components, CPUs, GPUs, FPGAs; cryogenic industry with dilution refrigerators and associated helium gas products; and from the semiconductor industry with silicon wafers and other specialty materials, tooling and measurement equipment. Shortages or supply interruptions in any of these components will adversely impact our ability to deliver revenues.
If large-scale development of our quantum computers commences, our computers may contain defects in design and manufacture that may cause them to not perform as expected or that may require repair and design changes. Our quantum computers are inherently complex and incorporate technology and components that have not been used for other applications and that may contain defects and errors, particularly when first introduced. We have a limited frame of reference from which to evaluate the long-term performance of our computers. There can be no assurance that we will be able to detect and fix any defects in our quantum computers in a timely manner that does not disrupt our services to our customers. If our technology fails to perform as expected, customers may seek out a competitor or turn away from quantum computing entirely, each of which could adversely affect our sales and brand and could adversely affect our business, prospects and results of operations. If defects in our technology lead to erroneous outputs, third parties relying on those outputs may draw from them erroneous conclusions, creating a risk that we will be liable to those third parties.
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If we cannot evolve and scale our business and operations effectively, we may not be able to execute our business strategies in a cost-effective manner and our business, financial condition, profitability and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Even if the market in which we compete achieves its anticipated growth levels, our business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all.
Our success will depend upon our ability to expand, scale our operations, and increase our sales and support capability. Even if the market in which we compete meets the size estimates and growth forecasted, our business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all.
Our growth is dependent upon our ability to successfully expand our solutions and services, retain customers, bring in new customers and retain critical talent. Unforeseen issues associated with scaling up and constructing quantum computing technology at commercially viable levels could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our growth is dependent upon our ability to successfully market and sell our quantum computing services and solutions. We do not have experience with the large-scale production and sale of quantum computing technology. Our growth and long-term success will depend upon the development of our sales and retention capabilities.
Moreover, because of our unique technology, our customers will require particular support and service functions, some of which are not currently available, and may never be available. If we experience delays in adding such support capacity or servicing our customers efficiently, or experiences unforeseen issues with the reliability of our technology, we could overburden our servicing and support capabilities. Similarly, increasing the number of our products and services would require us to rapidly increase the availability of these services. Failure to adequately support and service our customers may inhibit our growth and ability to expand.
There is no assurance that we will be able to ramp our business to meet our sales, manufacturing, installation, servicing and quantum computing targets globally, that expected growth levels will prove accurate or that the pace of growth or coverage of our customer infrastructure network will meet customer expectations. For example, our competitors may achieve certain narrow and/or broad quantum milestones faster than us, which may negatively impact our business and prospects. Failure to grow at rates similar to that of the quantum computing industry may adversely affect our operating results and ability to effectively compete within the industry.
We may not manage growth effectively.
Our failure to manage growth effectively could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. We anticipate that a period of significant expansion will be required to address potential growth. This expansion will place a significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources. For example, the expansion of our Fab 1 facility is ongoing and we may not complete the expansion on terms originally anticipated, in a timely manner or at all, which could have a material impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Expansion will require significant cash investments and management resources and there is no guarantee that they will generate additional sales of our products or services, or that we will be able to avoid cost overruns or be able to hire additional personnel to support us. In addition, we will also need to ensure our compliance with regulatory requirements in various jurisdictions applicable to the sale, installation and servicing of our products. To manage the growth of our operations and personnel, we must establish appropriate and scalable operational and financial systems, procedures and controls and establish and maintain a qualified finance, administrative and operations staff. We may be unable to acquire the necessary capabilities and personnel required to manage growth or to identify, manage and exploit potential strategic relationships and market opportunities.
We have a credit facility secured by substantially all of our assets under which we have borrowed and may in the future borrow additional amounts; any indebtedness thereunder could adversely affect our financial position and our ability to raise additional capital and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations.
On March 10, 2021, we entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (as amended from time to time, the “Loan Agreement”) with Trinity Capital Inc. (“Trinity”). The credit facility has an available borrowing capacity of $32.0 million. As of September 30, 2022, we had total outstanding indebtedness of approximately $32 million consisting of outstanding borrowings under the Loan Agreement. This and future indebtedness incurred under the Loan Agreement may:
| • | limit our ability to borrow additional funds for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, or other general business purposes; |
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| • | require us to use a portion of our cash flow from operations to make debt service payments instead of other purposes, thereby reducing the amount of cash flow available for future working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, or other general business purposes; |
| • | expose us to the risk of increased interest rates as following the consummation of our initial public offering borrowings under the Loan Agreement are subject to interest at the greater of (i) a floating per annum rate equal to 7.5% above the prime rate, or (ii) a fixed per annum rate equal to 11.0%, also paid on a monthly basis; |
| • | limit our flexibility to plan for, or react to, changes in our business and industry; |
| • | increase our vulnerability to the impact of adverse economic, competitive and industry conditions; and |
| • | increase our cost of borrowing. |
The credit facility is secured by substantially all of our assets. In addition, the Loan Agreement contains, and the agreements governing our future indebtedness may contain, restrictive covenants that may limit our ability to engage in activities that may be in our long-term best interest. These restrictive covenants include, among others, financial reporting requirements and limitations on indebtedness, liens, mergers, consolidations, liquidations and dissolutions, sales of assets, dividends and other restricted payments, investments (including acquisitions) and transactions with affiliates. Our failure to comply with those covenants could result in an event of default which, if not cured or waived, could result in the acceleration of substantially all of our debt and potentially the foreclosure on our assets in the event we are unable to repay all amounts owed.
Our ability to use net operating loss carryforwards and other tax attributes may be limited in connection with the Business Combination or other ownership changes.
We have incurred losses during our history, do not expect to become profitable in the near future and may never achieve profitability. To the extent that we continue to generate taxable losses, unused losses will carry forward to offset future taxable income, if any, until such unused losses expire, if at all. As of December 31, 2021 we had U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $190.9 million.
Under current law, U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards generated in taxable periods beginning after December 31, 2017, may be carried forward indefinitely, but the deductibility of such net operating loss carryforwards in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2020, is limited to 80% of taxable income. It is uncertain if and to what extent various states will conform to the current law.
In addition, our net operating loss carryforwards are subject to review and possible adjustment by the IRS, and state tax authorities. Under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), our federal net operating loss carryforwards and other tax attributes may become subject to an annual limitation in the event of certain cumulative changes in the ownership of the Company. An “ownership change” pursuant to Section 382 of the Code generally occurs if one or more stockholders or groups of stockholders who own at least 5% of a company’s stock increase their ownership by more than 50 percentage points over their lowest ownership percentage within a rolling three-year period. Our ability to utilize our net operating loss carryforwards and other tax attributes to offset future taxable income or tax liabilities may be limited as a result of ownership changes, including potential changes in connection with the Business Combination or other transactions. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws. We have not yet determined the amount of the cumulative change in our ownership resulting from the Business Combination or other transactions, or any resulting limitations on our ability to utilize our net operating loss carryforwards and other tax attributes.
If we earn taxable income, such limitations could result in increased future income tax liability and our future cash flows could be adversely affected. We have recorded a valuation allowance related to our net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty of the ultimate realization of the future benefits of those assets.
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Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
We have not produced quantum computers with high qubit counts or at volume and we face significant barriers in our attempts to produce quantum computers, including the need to invent and develop new technology. If we cannot successfully overcome those barriers, our business will be negatively impacted and could fail.
Producing quantum computers is a difficult undertaking. There are significant engineering challenges that we must overcome to build our quantum computers. We are still in the development stage and face significant challenges in completing development of our quantum computers and in producing quantum computers in sufficient volumes. Some of the development challenges that could prevent the introduction of our quantum computers include, but are not limited to, failure to find scalable ways to manipulate qubits, failure to reduce error rates, failure to transition quantum systems to leverage low-cost components, and failure to realize multi-chip quantum computer technology.
Even if we complete development and achieve volume production of our quantum computers, if the cost, accuracy, performance characteristics or other specifications of the quantum computer fall short of our expectations, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected.
Any future generations of hardware and software developed to demonstrate narrow quantum advantage and broad quantum advantage, and the anticipated release of an 84 qubit system, 336 qubit system, 1,000+ qubit system and 4,000+ qubit system, each of which is an important anticipated milestone for our technical roadmap and commercialization, may not occur on our anticipated timeline or at all.
Our successful execution of our technical roadmap is based on the development of multiple generations of quantum computing systems, including hardware that demonstrates narrow quantum advantage and broad quantum advantage, and the release of an 84 qubit system, 336 qubit system, 1,000+ qubit system and 4,000+ qubit system in addition to other anticipated milestones. The future success of our technical roadmap will depend upon our ability to continue to increase the number of qubits and decrease error rates in each subsequent generation of our quantum computer. If we are unable to achieve the increase in the number of qubits or decrease in error rates on the timeframe that we anticipate, the availability of future generations of quantum computer systems may be materially delayed, or may never occur. In the past we have failed to meet publicly announced milestones and may fail to meet projected milestones in the future. For example, we earlier this year announced an update in our anticipated timing with respect to certain anticipated milestones in our technical roadmap, including with respect to our anticipated 1,000+ qubit system and 4,000+ qubit system. If our technical roadmap is delayed or never achieved, this would have a material impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We may expend our resources to pursue particular products, designs, sectors or investments and we may fail to capitalize on such products, designs, sectors or investments and/or forego other products, designs, sectors or investments that may have been more profitable or for which there may have been a greater likelihood of success.
Because we have limited financial and operational resources, we must prioritize our research and development for use of quantum computing within certain products, designs, sectors or investments. Correctly prioritizing our research and development activities is particularly important for us due to the breadth of companies building or seeking to build universal, gate-model quantum computing systems that can meet the requirements for solving commercial problems. As a result, we may forego or delay pursuit of opportunities in other products, designs, sectors or investments that later prove to have greater commercial potential and ability to achieve quantum advantage. For example, although we currently believe that quantum machine learning for finance is poised to be an early domain of quantum advantage through rapid value capture from quick integration, the risks associated with developing a product that can compute algorithms that scale efficiently to real-world size applications and will be applicable to multiple use cases and competition in creating such a product, among others, could outweigh the benefits. We may fail to capitalize on the products, designs, sectors, or investments we choose to pursue, and our resource allocation decisions may cause us to or forego viable or more profitable products, designs, sectors or investments, which would have an adverse effect on our business, prospects and financial results.
The quantum computing industry is competitive on a global scale and we may not be successful in competing in this industry or establishing and maintaining confidence in our long-term business prospects among current and future partners and customers.
The markets in which we operate are rapidly evolving and highly competitive. As the marketplace continues to mature and new technologies and competitors enter, we expect competition to intensify. Our current competitors include:
| • | large, well-established tech companies that generally compete across our products, including Quantinuum, Google, Microsoft, Amazon, Intel and IBM; |
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| • | large research organizations funded by sovereign nations such as China, Russia, Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom, and those in the European Union as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and we believe additional countries in the future; |
| • | less-established public and private companies with competing technology, including companies located outside the United States; and |
| • | new or emerging entrants seeking to develop competing technologies. |
We compete based on various factors, including technology, performance, multi-cloud availability, brand recognition and reputation, customer support and differentiated capabilities, including ease of administration and use, scalability and reliability, data governance and security. Many of our competitors have substantially greater brand recognition, customer relationships, and financial, technical and other resources, including an experienced sales force and sophisticated supply chain management. They may be able to respond more effectively than us to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards, customer requirements and buying practices. In addition, many countries are focused on developing quantum computing solutions either in the private or public sector and may subsidize quantum computers which may make it difficult for us to compete. Many of these competitors do not face the same challenges we do in growing our business. In addition, other competitors might be able to compete with us by bundling their other products in a way that does not allow us to offer a competitive solution.
Additionally, we must be able to achieve our objectives in a timely manner lest quantum computing lose ground to competitors, including competing technologies. For example, our competitors may achieve certain narrow and/or broad quantum milestones faster than us, which may negatively impact our business and prospects. Because there are a large number of market participants, including certain sovereign nations, focused on developing quantum computing technology, we must dedicate significant resources to achieving any technical objectives on the timelines established by our management team. Any failure to achieve objectives in a timely manner could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
For all of these reasons, competition may negatively impact our ability to maintain and grow consumption of our platform or put downward pressure on our prices and gross margins, any of which could materially harm our reputation, business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We depend on a limited number of customers for a significant percentage of our revenue and the loss or temporary loss of a major customer for any reason could harm our financial condition.
We have historically generated most of our revenue from a limited number of customers. Our three largest customers, which differed by period, collectively accounted for 66% of our revenue for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, 64% of our revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 64% of our revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. As a consequence of the concentrated nature of our customer base, our quarterly revenue and results of operations may fluctuate from quarter to quarter and are difficult to estimate, and any delay, reduction or cancellation of orders or services rendered or any acceleration or delay in anticipated purchases or grants and awards by our larger customers could materially affect our revenue and results of operations in any quarterly period. For further information regarding our customer concentration, refer to Note 2 to the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Note 2 to the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, included in our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 7, 2022.
We may be unable to sustain or increase our revenue from our larger customers, grow revenues with new or other existing customers at the rate we anticipate or at all, or offset the discontinuation of concentrated purchases by our larger customers with purchases by new or existing customers. These larger customers could also reduce or discontinue their purchases of our products and services in the event they transition to internally developed products and services or determine to divide their purchases of our products and services between us and a second source. We expect that such concentrated purchases will continue to contribute materially to our revenue for the foreseeable future and that our results of operations may fluctuate materially as a result of such larger customers’ buying patterns or funding cycles. The loss or temporary loss of such customers, or a significant delay or reduction in their purchases, could materially harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
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A significant portion of our revenue currently depends on contracts with the public sector, and our failure to receive and maintain government contracts or changes in the contracting or fiscal policies of the public sector could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We derive a significant portion of our revenue from contracts with U.S. federal and foreign governments and government agencies, and we believe that the success and growth of our business will continue to depend on our successful procurement of government contracts. We have historically derived, and expect to continue to derive, a significant portion of our revenue from contracts with agencies of the U.S. federal and foreign governments, either directly by us or through other government contractors. In the eleven months ended December 31, 2021 and the year ended January 31, 2021, sales to government entities comprised 51.0% and 59.6% of our total revenue, respectively. In the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, sales to government entities comprised 74.1% and 79.6% of our total revenue, respectively.
Contracts with government agencies are subject to a number of challenges and risks. The bidding process for government contracts can be highly competitive, expensive, and time-consuming, often requiring significant upfront time and expense without any assurance that these efforts will generate revenue. We also must comply with laws and regulations relating to the formation, administration, and performance of contracts, which provide public sector customers rights, many of which are not typically found in commercial contracts. In addition, our perceived relationship with the U.S. government could adversely affect our business prospects in certain non-U.S. geographies or with certain non-U.S. governments.
Accordingly, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and growth prospects may be adversely affected by certain events or activities, including, but not limited to:
| • | Changes in government fiscal or procurement policies, or decreases in government funding available for procurement of goods and services generally, or for our federal government contracts specifically; |
| • | Changes in government programs or applicable requirements; |
| • | Restrictions in the grant of personnel security clearances to our employees; |
| • | Ability to maintain facility clearances required to perform on classified contracts for U.S. federal government and foreign government agencies; |
| • | Changes in the political environment, including before or after a change to the leadership within the government administration, and any resulting uncertainty or changes in policy or priorities and resultant funding; |
| • | Changes in the government’s attitude towards the capabilities that we offer; |
| • | Changes in the government’s attitude towards us as a company or our platforms; |
| • | Appeals, disputes, or litigation relating to government procurement, including but not limited to bid protests by unsuccessful bidders on potential or actual awards of contracts to us or our partners by the government; |
| • | The adoption of new laws or regulations or changes to existing laws or regulations; |
| • | Budgetary constraints, including automatic reductions as a result of “sequestration” or similar measures and constraints imposed by any lapses in appropriations for the federal government or certain of its departments and agencies; |
| • | Influence by, or competition from, third parties with respect to pending, new, or existing contracts with government customers; |
| • | Changes in political or social attitudes with respect to security or data privacy issues; |
| • | Potential delays or changes in the government appropriations or procurement processes, including as a result of events such as war, incidents of terrorism, natural disasters, and public health concerns or epidemics, such as the coronavirus pandemic; and |
| • | Increased or unexpected costs or unanticipated delays caused by other factors outside of our control. |
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For example, following the second quarter 2022, we announced that we anticipate lower-than-expected new government contract opportunities and what we believe to be slower than anticipated timing of government funding and appropriations with respect to relevant projects in 2022. In addition, as previously disclosed, we are negotiating contracts with a government entity that is also an existing customer and the contracting process has taken longer than anticipated. Accordingly, there is a risk that some of the $4.0 million revenue we anticipate from these contracts would be deferred to later fiscal periods after the 2022 fiscal year if the contract negotiations are not completed, the contracts are not executed and we are unable to invoice for the full amount in 2022. Moreover, if negotiations result in contract terms that are less favorable than we anticipated, the total expected value of these contracts could decrease. Additionally, a portion of such anticipated revenue relates to work that has already been performed and costs that have already been incurred. While we have made progress in the negotiation and expect to complete the negotiation prior to the current fiscal year end, we cannot assure the execution of these contracts or receipt of payment by the end of the fiscal year. If the contracts are not ultimately executed, it would likely be very difficult to realize the expected revenue from this government entity and we may be unable to recoup all or a portion of costs already incurred.
Any such of the foregoing events or activities, among others, could cause governments and governmental agencies to delay or refrain entering into contracts with us and/or purchasing our computers in the future, reduce the size or timing of payment with respect to our services to or purchases from existing or new government customers, or otherwise have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and growth prospects.
Our business is currently dependent upon our relationship with our cloud providers. There are no assurances that we will be able to commercialize quantum computers from our relationships with cloud providers.
We currently offer access to quantum computing as a service (“Quantum Computing as a Service” or “QCaaS”), both directly to our end users with our own Quantum Cloud Services and indirectly to end users through public cloud providers such as Amazon Braket and Microsoft Azure Quantum who integrate our QCS into their own quantum computing platforms. These public cloud partners operate a service in direct competition with our providing direct access to QCS. Currently, a majority of our QCaaS business is run through the AWS service, and we intend to partner with additional partners to provide access to our QCaaS. Cloud computing partnerships could be terminated, or not scale as anticipated, or even at all.
There is risk that one or more of the public cloud providers, such as AWS and Azure, could use their respective control of their public clouds to control market pricing of the services, restrict access, embed innovations or privileged interoperating capabilities in competing products, bundle competing products and leverage their public cloud customer relationships to exclude us from opportunities. Further, they have the resources to acquire or partner with existing and emerging providers of competing technology and thereby accelerate adoption of those competing technologies. All of the foregoing could make it difficult or impossible for us to provide products and services that compete favorably with those of the public cloud providers.
Further, if our contractual and other business relationships with our partners are terminated, either by the counterparty or by us, suspended or suffer a material change to which we are unable to adapt, such as the elimination of services or features on which we depend, we would be unable to provide our QCaaS business at the same scale and would experience significant delays and incur additional expense in transitioning customers to a different public cloud provider.
Currently, our customer agreement with AWS remains in effect until (i) terminated for convenience, which we may do for any reason by providing AWS notice and closing our account and which AWS may do for any reason by providing us at least 30 days’ notice or (ii) terminated for cause, which either party may do if the other party has an uncured material breach and which AWS may do immediately upon notice. Although alternative data center providers could host our business on a substantially similar basis to AWS, transitioning the cloud infrastructure currently hosted by AWS to alternative providers could potentially be disruptive, and we could incur significant one-time costs. If we are unable to renew our agreement with AWS on commercially acceptable terms, our agreement with AWS is prematurely terminated, or it adds additional infrastructure providers, we may experience costs or downtime in connection with the transfer to, or the addition of, new data center providers. If AWS or other infrastructure providers increase the costs of their services, our business, financial condition, or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Any material change in our contractual and other business relationships with our partners, could result in reduced use of our systems, increased expenses, including service credit obligations, and harm to our brand and reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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We rely on access to high performance third party classical computing through public clouds, high performance computing centers and on-premises computing infrastructure to deliver performant quantum solutions to customers. We may not be able to maintain high quality relationships and connectivity with these resources which could make it harder for us to reach customers or deliver solutions in a cost-effective manner.
Our QCS incorporates high performance classical computing through public clouds to provide services to end users and our partners. These services are predominantly on AWS.
Any material change in our contractual and other business relationships with AWS or other cloud provider, could result in reduced use of our systems, increased expenses, including service credit obligations, and harm our brand and reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Further, if our contractual and other business relationships with our partners are terminated, either by the counterparty or by us, suspended or suffer a material change to which we are unable to adapt, such as the elimination of services or features on which we depend, we would be unable to provide our QCaaS business at the same scale and would experience significant delays and incur additional expense in transitioning customers to a different public cloud provider.
We depend on certain suppliers to source products. Failure to maintain our relationship with any of these suppliers, or a failure to replace any of these suppliers, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
We buy our products and supplies from suppliers that manufacture and source products from the United States and abroad. We enter into agreements with many of our suppliers that provide us with exclusive or restrictive distribution rights, limiting our competitors’ ability to source materials from such suppliers. Our ability to identify and develop relationships with qualified suppliers and enter into exclusive or restrictive distribution rights agreements with suppliers who can satisfy our standards for quality and our need to access products and supplies in a timely and efficient manner is a significant challenge. Any failure to maintain our relationship with any of our top ten largest suppliers, or a failure to replace any such supplier that is lost, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
We may be required to replace a supplier if their products do not meet our quality or safety standards. In addition, our suppliers could discontinue selling products at any time for reasons that may or may not be in our control or the suppliers’ control, including shortages of raw materials, environmental and social supply chain issues, pandemic, labor disputes or weather conditions. Disruptions in transportation lines or the ongoing military conflict involving Russia and Ukraine may also cause global supply chain issues that affect us or our suppliers. We generally have multiple sources of supply, however, in some cases, materials are provided by a single supplier. For example, our small and mid-size cryogenic refrigerators have been provided by a single supplier and we have begun to source from a second supplier. In addition, we expect that larger cryogenic refrigerators required in connection with the potential development of systems greater than 100 qubits will be provided by a single supplier, at least for an initial period of time. We cannot assure that any of our suppliers or potential suppliers will have the capacity to supply larger cryogenic refrigerators on the terms, timing or scale that we expect. The loss of, or substantial decrease in the availability of, products from our suppliers, or the loss of a key supplier, temporarily or permanently, could result in a material shortage of products, which could lead to price escalations that we may be unable to offset by our prices to our customers. When supply chain issues are later resolved and prices return to normal levels, we may be required to reduce the prices at which we sell our products to our customers in order to remain competitive. In addition, even where these risks do not materialize, we may incur costs as we prepare contingency plans to address such risks. Our operating results and inventory levels could suffer if we are unable to promptly replace a supplier who is unwilling or unable to satisfy our requirements with a supplier providing similar products. In addition, our suppliers’ ability to deliver products may also be affected by raw material and commodity cost volatility or financing constraints caused by credit market conditions, which could materially and negatively impact our net sales and operating costs, at least until alternate sources of supply are arranged. Any delay or unavailability of key products required for our development activities could delay or prevent us from further developing our systems and applications on our expected timelines or at all.
Additionally, our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected by our inability to continue sourcing products from our suppliers. Although we seek to have alternate sources and recover increases in input costs through price increases in our products, shortages, supply chain interruptions or regulatory changes or other governmental actions could result in the need to change suppliers or incur cost increases that cannot, in the short term, or in some cases even in the long-term, be offset by our prices.
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We may face unknown supply chain issues that could delay the development or introduction of our products and negatively impact our business and operating results.
We are reliant on third-party suppliers for components necessary to develop and manufacture our quantum computing solutions. Any of the following factors (and others) could have an adverse impact on the availability of these components:
| • | our inability to enter into agreements with suppliers on commercially reasonable terms, or at all; |
| • | difficulties of suppliers ramping up their supply of materials to meet our requirements; |
| • | a significant increase in the price of one or more components, including due to industry consolidation occurring within one or more component supplier markets or as a result of decreased production capacity at manufacturers; |
| • | any reductions or interruption in supply, including disruptions on our global supply chain as a result of the COVID-19 |
| • | pandemic, which we have experienced, and may in the future experience or as a result of the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the related sanctions imposed against Russia (including as a result of disruptions of global shipping, the transport of products, energy supply, cybersecurity incidents and banking systems as well as of our ability to control input costs) or otherwise; |
| • | financial problems of either manufacturers or component suppliers; |
| • | significantly increased freight charges, or raw material costs and other expenses associated with our business; |
| • | other factors beyond our control or which we do not presently anticipate, could also affect our suppliers’ ability to deliver components to us on a timely basis; |
| • | a failure to develop our supply chain management capabilities and recruit and retain qualified professionals; |
| • | a failure to adequately authorize procurement of inventory by our contract manufacturers; or |
| • | a failure to appropriately cancel, reschedule or adjust our requirements based on our business needs. |
If any of the aforementioned factors were to materialize, it could cause us to halt production of our quantum computing solutions and/or entail higher manufacturing costs, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition and could materially damage customer relationships.
Our systems depend on the use of certain development tools, supplies, equipment and production methods. If we are unable to procure the necessary tools, supplies and equipment to build our quantum systems, or are unable to do so on a timely and cost-effective basis, and in sufficient quantities, we may incur significant costs or delays which could negatively affect our operations and business.
There are limited suppliers to sources of materials which may be necessary for the production of our technology. We are currently reliant on a single or small number of suppliers for certain resources. While we are currently looking to engage additional suppliers, there is no guarantee we will be able to establish or maintain relationships with such additional suppliers on terms satisfactory to us. Reliance on any single supplier increases the risks associated with being unable to obtain the necessary components because the supplier may have manufacturing constraints, can be subject to unanticipated shutdowns and/or may be affected by natural disasters and other catastrophic events. Some of these factors may be completely out of our and our suppliers’ control. Failure to acquire sufficient quantities of the necessary components in a timely or cost-effective manner could materially harm our business.
Even if we are successful in developing quantum computing systems and executing our strategy, competitors in the industry may achieve technological breakthroughs which render our quantum computing systems obsolete or inferior to other products.
Our continued growth and success depend on our ability to innovate and develop quantum computing technology in a timely manner and effectively market these products. Without timely innovation and development, our quantum computing solutions could be rendered obsolete or less competitive by changing customer preferences or because of the introduction of a competitor’s newer technologies. We believe that many competing technologies will require a technological breakthrough in one or more problems related to science, fundamental physics or manufacturing. While it is uncertain whether such technological breakthroughs will occur in the next several years that does not preclude the possibility that such technological breakthroughs could eventually occur. Any technological breakthroughs which render our technology obsolete or inferior to other products, could have a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
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We may be unable to reduce the cost of developing our quantum computers, which may prevent us from pricing our quantum systems competitively.
The success of our business is dependent upon the cost per qubit decreasing over the next several years as our quantum computers advance, which is based on achieving anticipated economies of scale related to demand for our computer systems, technological innovation and negotiations with third-party parts suppliers. If we do not achieve economies of scale or if the anticipated cost savings do not materialize, we may be unable to achieve a lower cost per qubit, which would make our quantum computing solution less competitive than those produced by our competitors and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Due to macroeconomic headwinds, we have experienced and may continue to experience increased costs, including with respect to labor and products.
The quantum computing industry is in its early stages and volatile, and if it does not develop, if it develops slower than we expect, if it develops in a manner that does not require use of our quantum computing solutions, if it encounters negative publicity or if our solution does not drive commercial engagement, the growth of our business will be harmed.
The nascent market for quantum computers is still rapidly evolving, characterized by rapidly changing technologies, competitive pricing and competitive factors, evolving government regulation and industry standards, and changing customer demands and behaviors. If demand for quantum computers in general does not develop as expected, or develops more slowly than expected, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results could be harmed.
In addition, our growth and future demand for our products is highly dependent upon the adoption by developers and customers of quantum computers, as well as on our ability to demonstrate the value of quantum computing to our customers. Delays in future generations of our quantum computers or technical failures at other quantum computing companies could limit acceptance of our solution. Negative publicity concerning our solution or the quantum computing industry as a whole could limit acceptance of our solution. We believe quantum computing will solve many large-scale problems. However, such problems may never be solvable by quantum computing technology. If our clients and partners do not perceive the benefits of our solution, or if our solution does not drive member engagement, then demand for our products may not develop at all, or it may develop slower than we expect. If any of these events occur, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. If progress towards quantum advantage ever slows relative to expectations, it could adversely impact revenues and customer confidence to continue to pay for testing, access and “quantum readiness.” This would harm or even eliminate revenues in the period before quantum advantage.
If our computers fail to achieve quantum advantage, our business, financial condition and future prospects may be harmed.
Quantum advantage refers to the moment when a quantum computer can compute faster than traditional computers, while quantum supremacy is achieved once quantum computers are powerful enough to complete calculations that traditional supercomputers cannot perform at all. Broad quantum advantage is when quantum advantage is seen in many applications and developers prefer quantum computers to a traditional computer. No current quantum computers, including our quantum hardware, have reached a broad quantum advantage, and may never reach such advantage. Achieving a broad quantum advantage will be critical to the success of any quantum computing company, including ours. However, achieving quantum advantage would not necessarily lead to commercial viability of the technology that accomplished such advantage, nor would it mean that such system could outperform classical computers in tasks other than the one used to determine a quantum advantage. Quantum computing technology, including broad quantum advantage, may take decades to be realized, if ever. If we cannot develop quantum computers that have quantum advantage, customers may not continue to purchase our products and services. If other companies’ quantum computers reach a broad quantum advantage prior to the time we reach such capabilities, it could lead to a loss of customers. If any of these events occur, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
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We could suffer disruptions, outages, defects and other performance and quality problems with our quantum computing systems, our production technology partners or with the public cloud, data centers and internet infrastructure on which we rely.
Our business depends on our quantum computing systems being available. We have experienced, and may in the future further experience, disruptions, outages, defects and other performance and quality problems with our systems. We have also experienced, and may in the future further experience, disruptions, outages, defects and other performance and quality problems with the public cloud and internet infrastructure on which our systems rely. These problems can be caused by a variety of factors, including failed introductions of new functionality, vulnerabilities and defects in proprietary and open-source software, hardware components, human error or misconduct, capacity constraints, design limitations or denial of service attacks or other security-related incidents. We do not have a contractual right with our public cloud providers that compensates us for any losses due to availability interruptions in the public cloud.
Any disruptions, outages, defects and other performance and quality problems with our quantum computing system or with the public cloud and internet infrastructure on which we rely, could result in reduced use of our systems, increased expenses, including service credit obligations, and harm to our brand and reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If we cannot successfully execute on our strategy, including in response to changing customer needs and new technologies and other market requirements, or achieve our objectives in a timely manner, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.
The quantum computing market is characterized by rapid technological change, changing user requirements, uncertain product lifecycles and evolving industry standards. We believe that the pace of innovation will continue to accelerate as technology changes and different approaches to quantum computing mature on a broad range of factors, including system architecture, error correction, performance and scale, ease of programming, user experience, markets addressed, types of data processed, and data governance and regulatory compliance. Our future success depends on our ability to continue to innovate and increase customer adoption of our quantum solutions. If we are unable to enhance our quantum computing system to keep pace with these rapidly evolving customer requirements, or if new technologies emerge that are able to deliver competitive products at lower prices, more efficiently, with better functionality, more conveniently, or more securely than our platform, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
We are highly dependent on our ability to attract and retain senior executive leadership and other key employees, such as quantum physicists, software engineers and other key technical employees, which is critical to our success. If we fail to retain talented, highly qualified senior management, engineers and other key employees or attract them when needed, such failure could negatively impact our business.
Our future success is highly dependent on our ability to attract and retain our executive officers, key employees and other qualified personnel. As we build our brand and become more well known, there is increased risk that competitors or other companies may seek to hire our personnel. The loss of the services provided by these individuals will adversely impact the achievement of our business strategy. These individuals could leave our employment at any time, as they are “at will” employees. A loss of a member of senior management, or an engineer or other key employee particularly to a competitor, could also place us at a competitive disadvantage. Effective succession planning is also important to our long-term success. Failure to ensure effective transfer of knowledge and smooth transitions involving key employees could hinder our strategic planning and execution. For example, we recently announced the resignation of Dr. Chad Rigetti, our prior president and chief executive officer. The board of directors appointed Rick Danis as interim president and chief executive officer while the Company conducts a search for a more permanent successor. An inadequate transition to a permanent successor may cause disruption to our business due to, among other things, diverting management’s attention away from the operations of the business or causing a deterioration in morale. Further, failure to attract and retain a qualified candidate to serve as our president and chief executive officer in a timely manner could negatively impact our business, the morale of our employees, our reputation and results of operations.
Our future success also depends on our continuing ability to attract, develop, motivate, and retain highly qualified and skilled employees. The market for highly skilled workers and leaders in the quantum computing industry is extremely competitive. In particular, hiring qualified personnel specializing in supply chain management, engineering and sales, as well as other technical staff and research and development personnel is critical to our business and the development of our quantum computing systems. Some of these professionals are hard to find and we may encounter significant competition in our efforts to hire them. Many of the other companies with which we compete for qualified personnel have greater financial and other resources than we do. The effective operation of our supply chain, including the acquisition of critical components and materials, the development of our quantum computing technologies, the commercialization of our quantum computing technologies and the effective operation of our managerial and operating systems all depend upon our ability to attract, train and retain qualified personnel in the aforementioned specialties. Additionally, changes in immigration and work permit laws and regulations or the administration or interpretation of such laws or regulations could impair our ability to attract and retain highly qualified employees. If we cannot attract, train and retain qualified personnel in this competitive environment, we may experience delays in the development of our quantum computing technologies and be otherwise unable to develop and grow our business as projected, or even at all.
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Our future growth and success depends on our ability to sell effectively to government entities and large enterprises.
Our potential customers tend to be government agencies and large enterprises. Therefore, our future success will depend on our ability to effectively sell our products to such customers. Sales to these end-customers involve risks that may not be present (or that are present to a lesser extent) with sales to non-governmental agencies or smaller customers. These risks include, but are not limited to, (i) increased purchasing power and leverage held by such customers in negotiating contractual arrangements with us and (ii) longer sales cycles and the associated risk that substantial time and resources may be spent on a potential end-customer that elects not to purchase our solutions. Sales to government agencies are typically under fixed fee development contracts, which involve additional risks. See “—If our cost and time estimates for fixed fee arrangements do not accurately anticipate the cost of servicing those arrangements, we could experience losses on these arrangements or our profitability could be reduced. ” In addition, government contracts generally include the ability of government agencies to terminate early which, if exercised, would result in a lower contract value and lower than anticipated revenues generated by such arrangement. See “—Contracts with U.S. government entities subject us to risks including early termination, audits, investigations, sanctions and penalties.”
Government agencies and large organizations often undertake a significant evaluation process that results in a lengthy sales cycle. Our contracts with government agencies are typically structured in phases, with each phase subject to satisfaction of certain conditions. As a result, the actual scope of work performed pursuant to any such contracts, in addition to related contract revenue, could be less than total contract value. In addition, product purchases by such organizations are frequently subject to budget constraints, multiple approvals and unanticipated administrative, processing and other delays. Finally, these organizations typically have longer implementation cycles, require greater product functionality and scalability, require a broader range of services, demand that vendors take on a larger share of risks, require acceptance provisions that can lead to a delay in revenue recognition and expect greater payment flexibility. All of these factors can add further risk to business conducted with these potential customers and could lead to lower revenue results than originally anticipated.
We may not be able to accurately estimate the future supply and demand for our quantum computers, which could result in a variety of inefficiencies in our business and hinder our ability to generate revenue. If we fail to accurately predict our manufacturing requirements, it could incur additional costs or experience delays.
It is difficult to predict our future revenues and appropriately budget for our expenses, and we may have limited insight into trends that may emerge and affect our business. We anticipate being required to provide forecasts of our demand to our current and future suppliers prior to the scheduled delivery of products to potential customers. Currently, there is no historical basis for making judgments on the demand for our quantum computers or our ability to develop, manufacture, and deliver quantum computers, or our profitability, if any, in the future. If we overestimate our requirements, our suppliers may have excess inventory, which indirectly would increase our costs. If we underestimate our requirements, our suppliers may have inadequate inventory, which could interrupt manufacturing of our products and result in delays in shipments and revenues. In addition, lead times for materials and components that our suppliers order may vary significantly and depend on factors such as the specific supplier, contract terms and demand for each component at a given time. If we fail to order sufficient quantities of product components in a timely manner, the delivery of quantum computers and related compute time to our potential customers could be delayed, which would harm our business, financial condition and operating results.
Because our success depends, in part, on our ability to expand sales internationally, our business will be susceptible to risks associated with international operations.
We currently maintain offices and have sales personnel in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada, and we intend to expand our international operations by developing a sales presence in other international markets. In the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and the eleven months ended December 31, 2021, our non-U.S. revenue was approximately 18.0% and 29% of our total revenue, respectively. We expect to continue to expand our international operations, which may include opening offices in new jurisdictions and providing our solutions in additional languages. Any additional international expansion efforts that we are undertaking and may undertake may not be successful. In addition, conducting international operations subjects us to new risks, some of which we have not generally faced in the United States or other countries where we currently operate. These risks include, among other things:
| • | unexpected costs and errors in the localization of our platform and solutions, including translation into foreign languages and adaptation for local culture, practices and regulatory requirements; |
| • | lack of familiarity and burdens of complying with foreign laws, legal standards, privacy and cybersecurity standards, regulatory requirements, tariffs and other barriers, and the risk of penalties to our customers and individual members of management or employees if our practices are deemed to not be in compliance; |
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| • | practical difficulties of enforcing intellectual property rights in countries with varying laws and standards and reduced or varied protection for intellectual property rights in some countries; |
| • | an evolving legal framework and additional legal or regulatory requirements for data privacy and cybersecurity, which may necessitate the establishment of systems to maintain data in local markets, requiring us to invest in additional data centers and network infrastructure, and the implementation of additional employee data privacy documentation (including locally-compliant data privacy notice and policies), all of which may involve substantial expense and may cause us to need to divert resources from other aspects of our business, all of which may adversely affect our business; |
| • | unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, taxes, trade laws, tariffs, export quotas, custom duties or other trade restrictions; |
| • | difficulties in managing systems integrators and technology partners; |
| • | differing technology standards; |
| • | different pricing environments, longer sales cycles, longer accounts receivable payment cycles and difficulties in collecting accounts receivable; |
| • | increased financial accounting and reporting burdens and complexities; |
| • | difficulties in managing and staffing international operations including the proper classification of independent contractors and other contingent workers, differing employer/employee relationships and local employment laws; |
| • | increased costs involved with recruiting and retaining an expanded employee population outside the United States through cash and equity-based incentive programs and unexpected legal costs and regulatory restrictions in issuing our shares to employees outside the United States; |
| • | global political and regulatory changes that may lead to restrictions on immigration and travel for our employees; |
| • | fluctuations in exchange rates that may decrease the value of our foreign-based revenue; |
| • | potentially adverse tax consequences, including the complexities of foreign value added tax (or other tax) systems, restrictions on the repatriation of earnings, and transfer pricing requirements; and |
| • | permanent establishment risks and complexities in connection with international payroll, tax and social security requirements for international employees. |
Additionally, operating in international markets also requires significant management attention and financial resources. We cannot be certain that the investment and additional resources required in establishing operations in other countries will produce desired levels of revenue or profitability.
Compliance with laws and regulations applicable to our global operations also substantially increases our cost of doing business in foreign jurisdictions. We have limited experience in marketing, selling and supporting our platform outside of the United States. Our limited experience in operating our business internationally increases the risk that any potential future expansion efforts that we may undertake will not be successful. If we invest substantial time and resources to expand our international operations and are unable to do so successfully and in a timely manner, our business, financial condition, revenues, results of operations or cash flows will suffer. We may be unable to keep current with changes in government requirements as they change from time to time. Failure to comply with these regulations could harm our business. In many countries, it is common for others to engage in business practices that are prohibited by our internal policies and procedures or other regulations applicable to us. Although we have implemented policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with these laws and policies, there can be no assurance that all of our employees, contractors, partners and agents will comply with these laws and policies. Violations of laws or key control policies by our employees, contractors, partners or agents could result in delays in revenue recognition, financial reporting misstatements, enforcement actions, reputational harm, disgorgement of profits, fines, civil and criminal penalties, damages, injunctions, other collateral consequences or the prohibition of the importation or exportation of our solutions and could harm our business, financial condition, revenues, results of operations or cash flows.
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Our international sales and operations subject us to additional risks and costs, including the ability to engage with customers in new geographies, exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, that can adversely affect our business, financial condition, revenues, results of operations or cash flows.
We derive a significant portion of revenue from our customers in the United States. We are continuing to expand our international operations as part of our growth strategy. However, there are a variety of risks and costs associated with our international sales and operations, which include making investments prior to the proven adoption of our solutions, the cost of conducting our business internationally and hiring and training international employees and the costs associated with complying with local law. Furthermore, we cannot predict the rate at which our platform and solutions will be accepted in international markets by potential customers. We currently have sales, customer support and engineering personnel outside the United States in the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada, and have started the process of establishing a sales presence in Germany; however, our sales, support and engineering organization outside the United States is substantially smaller than our U.S. sales organization. We believe our ability to attract new customers to subscribe to our platform or to attract existing customers to renew or expand their use of our platform is directly correlated to the level of engagement we obtain with the customer. To the extent we are unable to effectively engage with non-U.S. customers due to our limited sales force capacity, we may be unable to effectively grow in international markets.
As our international operations expand, our exposure to the effects of fluctuations in currency exchange rates grows. While we has primarily transacted with customers in U.S. dollars, historically, we expect to continue to expand the number of transactions with our customers that are denominated in foreign currencies in the future. Additionally, fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies may make our subscriptions more expensive for international customers, which could harm our business. Additionally, we incur expenses for employee compensation and other operating expenses at our non-U.S. locations in the local currency for such locations. Fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and other currencies could result in an increase to the U.S. dollar equivalent of such expenses. These fluctuations could cause our results of operations to differ from our expectations or the expectations of our investors. Additionally, such foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations could make it more difficult to detect underlying trends in our business and results of operations.
Our international operations may subject us to greater than anticipated tax liabilities.
The amount of taxes we pay in different jurisdictions depends on the application of the tax laws of various jurisdictions, including the United States, to our international business activities, changes in tax rates, new or revised tax laws or interpretations of existing tax laws and policies, and our ability to operate our business in a manner consistent with our corporate structure and intercompany arrangements. The taxing authorities of the jurisdictions in which we operate may challenge our methodologies for pricing intercompany transactions pursuant to our intercompany arrangements or disagree with our determinations as to the income and expenses attributable to specific jurisdictions. If such a challenge or disagreement were to occur, and our position was not sustained, we could be required to pay additional taxes, interest, and penalties, which could result in one-time tax charges, higher effective tax rates, reduced cash flows, and lower overall profitability of our operations. Our financial statements could fail to reflect adequate reserves to cover such a contingency. Similarly, a taxing authority could assert that we are subject to tax in a jurisdiction where we believe we have not established a taxable connection, often referred to as a “permanent establishment” under international tax treaties, and such an assertion, if successful, could increase our expected tax liability in one or more jurisdictions.
Our quantum computing systems may not be compatible with some or all industry-standard software and hardware in the future, which could harm our business.
We have focused our efforts on creating quantum computing hardware, the operating system for such hardware, a suite of low-level software programs that optimize execution of quantum algorithms on our hardware, application programing interfaces (“APIs”) to access our systems, software development kits (“SDKs”) for system and application developers, and quantum programming languages for low- and high-level application developers. The industry is rapidly evolving, and customers have many choices for programming languages, application libraries, APIs, and SDKs, some of which may not be compatible with our own languages, APIs or SDKs. Our quantum computing solutions are designed today to be compatible with most major quantum software development kits, including Qiskit, Cirq, and Open QASM, all of which are open source. If a proprietary (not open source) software toolset became the standard for quantum application development in the future by a competitor, usage of our hardware might be limited as a result which would have a negative impact on the Company. Similarly, if a piece of hardware became a necessary component for quantum computing (for instance, quantum networking) and we cannot integrate with, the result might have a negative impact on the Company.
If our customers are unable to achieve compatibility between other software and hardware and our hardware, it could impact our relationships with such customers or with customers, generally, if the incompatibility is more widespread. In addition, the mere announcement of an incompatibility problem relating to our products with higher level software tools could cause us to suffer reputational harm and/or lead to a loss of customers. Any adverse impacts from the incompatibility of our quantum computing solutions could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
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We may rely heavily on future collaborative partners and third parties to develop key, relevant algorithms and programming to make our quantum systems commercially viable.
We have entered into, and may enter into, strategic partnerships to develop and commercialize our current and future research and development programs with other companies to accomplish one or more of the following:
| • | obtain expertise; |
| • | obtain sales and marketing services or support; |
| • | obtain equipment and facilities; |
| • | develop relationships with potential future customers; and |
| • | generate revenue. |
We may not be successful in establishing or maintaining suitable partnerships, and we may not be able to negotiate collaboration agreements having terms satisfactory to the Company, or at all. Failure to make or maintain these arrangements or a delay or failure in a collaborative partner’s performance under any such arrangements could harm our business and financial condition.
System security and data protection breaches, as well as cyber-attacks, including state-sponsored attacks, could disrupt our operations, which may damage our reputation and adversely affect our business.
Cyber-attacks, denial-of-service attacks, ransomware attacks, business email compromises, computer malware, viruses, and social engineering (including phishing) are prevalent in the technology industry and our customers’ industries. In addition, we may experience attacks, unavailable systems, unauthorized access or disclosure due to employee theft or misuse, denial-of-service attacks, sophisticated nation-state and nation-state supported actors, and advanced persistent threat intrusions. The techniques may be used to sabotage or to obtain unauthorized access to our platform, systems, networks, or physical facilities where our quantum computers are stored, and we may be unable to implement adequate preventative measures or stop security breaches while they are occurring. U.S. law enforcement agencies have indicated to us that quantum computing technology is of particular interest to certain malicious cyber threat actors. In addition, our cybersecurity risk could be increased as a result of the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the related sanctions imposed against Russia.
Our platform is built to be accessed through third-party public cloud providers such as AWS. These providers may also experience breaches and attacks to their products which may impact our systems. Data security breaches may also result from non-technical means, such as actions by an employee with access to our systems. While we and our third-party cloud providers have implemented security measures designed to protect against security breaches, these measures could fail or may be insufficient, resulting in the unauthorized disclosure, modification, misuse, destruction, or loss of sensitive or confidential information.
Actual or perceived breaches of our security measures or the accidental loss, inadvertent disclosure or unapproved dissemination of proprietary information or sensitive or confidential data about the Company, our partners, our customers or third parties could expose we and the parties affected to a risk of loss or misuse of this information, resulting in litigation and potential liability, paying damages, regulatory inquiries or actions, damage to our brand and reputation or other harm to our business. Our efforts to prevent and overcome these challenges could increase our expenses and may not be successful. If we fail to detect or remediate a security breach in a timely manner, or a breach otherwise affects our customers, or if we suffers a cyber-attack that impacts our ability to operate our platform, we may suffer material damage to our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Unfavorable conditions in our industry or the global economy, could limit our ability to grow our business and negatively affect our results of operations.
Our results of operations may vary based on the impact of changes in our industry or the global economy on us or our customers and potential customers. Negative conditions in the general economy both in the United States and abroad, including conditions resulting from changes in gross domestic product growth, financial and credit market fluctuations, international trade relations, pandemics (such as the COVID-19 pandemic), political turmoil, natural catastrophes, warfare, and terrorist attacks on the United States or elsewhere, could cause a decrease in business investments, including the progress on development of quantum technologies, and negatively affect the growth of our business. In addition, in challenging economic times, our current or potential future customers may experience cash flow problems and as a result may modify, delay or cancel plans to purchase our products and services. Additionally, if our customers are not successful in generating sufficient revenue or are unable to secure financing, they may not be able to pay, or may delay payment of, accounts receivable due to it. Moreover, our key suppliers may reduce their output or become insolvent, thereby adversely impacting our ability to manufacture our products.
Furthermore, uncertain economic conditions may make it more difficult for us to raise funds through borrowings or private or public sales of debt or equity securities. We cannot predict the timing, strength or duration of any economic slowdown, instability or recovery, generally or within any particular industry.
Government actions and regulations, such as tariffs and trade protection measures, may limit our ability to obtain products from our suppliers or sell our products and services to customers. Political challenges between the United States and countries in which our suppliers are located, and changes to trade policies, including tariff rates and customs duties, trade relations between the United States and those countries and other macroeconomic issues could adversely impact our business. The United States administration has announced tariffs on certain products imported into the United States, and some countries have imposed tariffs in response to the actions of the United States. There is also a possibility of future tariffs, trade protection measures or other restrictions imposed on our products or on our customers by the United States or other countries that could have a material adverse effect on our business. Our technology may be deemed a matter of national security and as such our customer base may be tightly restricted. We may accept government grants that place restrictions on the business’ ability to operate.
Unstable market and economic conditions may have serious adverse consequences on our business, financial condition and share price.
The global economy, including credit and financial markets, has experienced extreme volatility and disruptions, including severely diminished liquidity and credit availability, declines in consumer confidence, declines in economic growth, increases in unemployment rates, increases in inflation rates, higher interest rates and uncertainty about economic stability. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in widespread unemployment, economic slowdown and extreme volatility in the capital markets. Similarly, the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine has created extreme volatility in the global capital markets and is expected to have further global economic consequences, including disruptions of the global supply chain and energy markets. Any such volatility and disruptions may have adverse consequences on us or the third parties on whom we rely. If the equity and credit markets deteriorate, including as a result of political unrest or war, it may make any necessary debt or equity financing more difficult to obtain in a timely manner or on favorable terms, more costly or more dilutive, and we could be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate its research and development programs and other efforts. Increased inflation rates have and are expected to adversely affect us by increasing our costs, including labor and employee benefit costs, and costs for equipment and system components associated with system development. In addition, higher inflation could also increase our customers’ operating costs, which could result in reduced budgets for our customers and potentially less demand for our systems. Any significant increases in inflation and related increase in interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
If our cost and time estimates for fixed fee arrangements do not accurately anticipate the cost of servicing those arrangements, we could experience losses on these arrangements and our profitability could be reduced.
Our development contracts are typically fixed fee arrangements invoiced on a milestone basis. If we underestimate the amount of effort required to deliver on a contract and/or the period of time required to achieve the milestone, our profitability could be reduced. If the actual costs of completing the contract exceed the agreed upon fixed price, we would incur a loss on the arrangement.
We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting and may identify additional material weaknesses in the future. This material weakness has resulted in errors in financial statements for prior periods and if we fail to remediate this material weakness or otherwise fail to establish and maintain effective control over financial reporting, it may adversely affect our ability to accurately and timely report our financial results in the future, and may adversely affect investor confidence, our reputation, our ability to raise additional capital, and our business operations and financial condition.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
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As previously disclosed, in connection with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the nine months ended October 31, 2021, we identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting related to the lack of effective review controls over the accounting for complex financial instruments. Specifically, the controls failed to identify an error in the accounting for complex warrant instruments. The error related to the Company not properly accounting for the liability associated with the warrants to purchase common stock issued to Trinity Capital Inc. that was subsequently cancelled and reissued for a new warrant in connection with an amendment to the Loan Agreement.
In addition, in connection with the preparation of the financial statements for the second quarter of 2022, we also identified and corrected an immaterial error related to the revaluation of the liability associated with the same warrants issued to Trinity Capital. The error was made in the previously issued unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the period ended March 31, 2022 as disclosed in Note 10 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We corrected the immaterial error in our condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the period ended June 30, 2022. However, as part of our restatement of the financial statements for the quarters ended March 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022, we are reversing such prior correction and instead reflecting such correction in the restated financial statements for the quarter ended March 31, 2022.
In connection with the preparation of the financial statements for the third quarter of 2022, we discovered that the previously identified material weakness led to additional material errors related to the valuation of the Earn-out liability and the Private Warrant liability that affected the previously issued unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the periods ended March 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022. These errors will be corrected in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the periods ended March 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022 through a restatement of previously filed financial statements for such periods. See Note 1 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further detail on the impact to previously filed financial statements.
Our management previously concluded that this material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting was due to the fact that at the time we initially identified the material weakness, we did not have sufficient accounting resources and did not have the necessary business processes and related internal controls formally designed and implemented to address the accounting and financial reporting requirements related to these complex instruments. Our design and implementation of controls to evaluate and monitor the accounting for complex financial instrument liabilities were still not adequate as of September 30, 2022 due to the reasons described above.
As a result of the foregoing, management concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at the reasonable assurance level as of the end of the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2022, June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022. Our management is in the process of undertaking a remediation plan and is taking steps to remediate the material weakness. The material weakness will not be considered remediated until such time as management designs and implements effective controls that operate for a sufficient period of time and concludes, through testing, that these controls are effective.
Our management will continue to monitor the effectiveness of our remediation plan and will make the changes it determines to be appropriate. Although we intend to complete this remediation process as quickly as practicable, we cannot at this time estimate how long it will take, and our initiatives may not prove to be successful in remediating the material weakness. Furthermore, we cannot ensure that the measures we have taken to date, and actions we may take in the future, will be sufficient to remediate in a timely manner or at all the control deficiencies that led to our material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting or that they will prevent or avoid potential future material weaknesses due to a failure to implement and maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting or circumvention of these controls. In addition, even if we are successful in strengthening our controls and procedures, in the future these controls and procedures may not be adequate to prevent or identify irregularities or errors or to facilitate the fair presentation of our financial statements.
Any failure to remediate the material weakness or otherwise develop or maintain effective controls or any difficulties encountered in their implementation or improvement could limit our ability to prevent or detect a misstatement of our accounts or disclosures that could result in additional material misstatements of our annual or interim financial statements. In such case, we may be unable to maintain compliance with securities law requirements regarding timely filing of periodic reports in addition to the listing requirements of the Nasdaq. For example, in connection with the identification of the material weakness described above, we were unable to file this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q by the original prescribed deadline and required an extension to file. Additionally, investors may lose confidence in our financial reporting and our stock price may decline as a result. Further, B. Riley has the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement under specified circumstances, including if the related registration statement is unavailable for a specified period of time, including as a result of errors or missing information in our SEC filings. If we fail to timely file amendments to our Form 10-Qs for the quarters ended March 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022 to restate the financial statements therein, or if we fail to make timely and complete filings with the SEC in the future, B. Riley may terminate the Purchase Agreement under specified circumstances. As a result, our ability to obtain any additional financing, or additional financing on favorable terms, could be materially and adversely affected, which in turn, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and the market value of our common stock and require us to incur additional costs to improve our internal control systems and procedures. In addition, perceptions of the Company among customers, suppliers, lenders, investors, securities analysts and others could also be adversely affected.
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Acquisitions, divestitures, strategic investments and strategic partnerships could disrupt our business and harm our financial condition and operating results.
We may pursue growth opportunities by acquiring complementary businesses, solutions or technologies through strategic transactions, investments or partnerships. The identification of suitable acquisition, strategic investment or strategic partnership candidates can be costly and time consuming and can distract our management team from our current operations. If such strategic transactions require us to seek additional debt or equity financing, we may not be able to obtain such financing on terms favorable to us or at all, and such transactions may adversely affect our liquidity and capital structure. Any strategic transaction might not strengthen our competitive position, may increase some of our risks, and may be viewed negatively by our customers, partners or investors. Even if we successfully complete a strategic transaction, we may not be able to effectively integrate the acquired business, technology, systems, control environment, solutions, personnel or operations into our business. We may experience unexpected changes in how we are required to account for strategic transactions pursuant to U.S. GAAP and may not achieve the anticipated benefits of any strategic transaction. We may incur unexpected costs, claims or liabilities that we incur during the strategic transaction or that we assume from the acquired company, or we may discover adverse conditions post acquisition for which we have limited or no recourse.
We have been, and may in the future be, adversely affected by the global COVID-19 pandemic, its various strains or future pandemics.
We face various risks related to epidemics, pandemics, and other outbreaks, including the recent COVID-19 pandemic, including newly discovered strains of the virus. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments have implemented significant measures, including, but not limited to, business closures, quarantines, travel restrictions, shelter-in-place, stay-at-home and other social distancing directives, intended to control the spread of the virus. Companies have also taken precautions, such as requiring employees to work remotely, imposing travel restrictions and temporarily closing businesses. To the extent that these restrictions remain in place, additional prevention and mitigation measures are implemented in the future, or there is uncertainty about the effectiveness of these or any other measures to contain or treat COVID-19 or future pandemics, there is likely to be an adverse impact on our potential customers, our employees and global economic conditions, and consumer confidence and spending, which could materially and adversely affect our operations and demand for our products.
The spread of COVID-19 has and may continue to impact our suppliers by disrupting the manufacturing, delivery and the overall supply chain of parts required to manufacture our quantum computers. In addition, various aspects of our business cannot be conducted remotely, such as the fabrication of quantum processors and the assembly of our quantum computers. These measures by government authorities may remain in place for a significant period of time and they are likely to continue to adversely affect our future manufacturing plans, sales and marketing activities, business and results of operations. We may take further actions as may be required by government authorities or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, suppliers, vendors and business partners.
Due to the fluid nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, uncertainties regarding the related economic impact are likely to result in sustained market turmoil, which could also negatively impact our business, financial condition and cash flows. During 2020, we scaled back our recruiting efforts to control costs and experienced weeklong onsite work stoppages due to quarantining related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The extent of COVID-19’s effect on our operational and financial performance will depend on future
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developments, including the duration, spread and intensity of the pandemic, all of which are uncertain and difficult to predict considering the rapidly evolving landscape. As a result, it is not currently possible to ascertain the overall impact of COVID-19 on our business. However, if the pandemic continues to persist as a severe worldwide health crisis, the disease could negatively impact our business, financial condition results of operations and cash flows, and may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section.
Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may continue to experience an adverse impact to our business as a result of COVID-19’s global economic impact, including any recession that has occurred or may occur in the future.
Our facilities or operations could be damaged or adversely affected as a result of prolonged power outages, natural disasters and other catastrophic events.
Our facilities or operations could be adversely affected by power outages as well as events outside of our control, such as natural disasters and other calamities. We cannot assure you that any backup systems will be adequate to protect us from the effects of fire, floods, typhoons, earthquakes, power loss resulting from such natural disasters, telecommunications failures, break-ins, war, riots, terrorist attacks or similar events. Any of the foregoing events may give rise to interruptions, breakdowns, system failures, technology platform failures or internet failures, which could cause delays in development and fabrication, the loss or corruption of data or malfunctions of software or hardware as well as adversely affect our ability to provide services. A significant power outage may disrupt our operations and could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows
Further, the British National Grid recently warned that the United Kingdom, where we have significant operations, could face planned power cuts to homes and businesses throughout the winter of 2022 and 2023 if the country is unable to import electricity from Europe and it struggles to attract enough gas imports to fuel its gas-fired power plants. A significant power outage could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Risks Related to Litigation and Government Regulation
State, federal and foreign laws and regulations related to privacy, data use and security could adversely affect us.
We are subject to state and federal laws and regulations related to privacy, data use and security. In addition, in recent years, there has been a heightened legislative and regulatory focus on data security, including requiring consumer notification in the event of a data breach. Legislation has been introduced in Congress and there have been several Congressional hearings addressing these issues. From time to time, Congress has considered, and may do so again, legislation establishing requirements for data security and response to data breaches that, if implemented, could affect us by increasing our costs of doing business. In addition, several states have enacted privacy or security breach legislation requiring varying levels of consumer notification in the event of a security breach. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), which enhances consumer protection and privacy rights by granting consumers resident in California new rights with respect to the collection of their personal data and imposing new operational requirements on businesses, went into effect in January 2020. The CCPA includes a statutory damages framework and private rights of action against businesses that fail to comply with certain CCPA terms or implement reasonable security procedures and practices to prevent data breaches. Several other states are considering similar legislation. Foreign governments are raising similar privacy and data security concerns. In particular, the European Union enacted a General Data Protection Regulation. China, Russia, Japan and other countries in Latin America and Asia are also strengthening their privacy laws and the enforcement of privacy and data security requirements. Complying with such laws and regulations may be time-consuming and require additional resources, and could therefore harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Contracts with U.S. government entities subject us to risks including early termination, audits, investigations, sanctions and penalties.
We have several contracts with various government entities, including contracts with NASA, the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency, and the Department of Energy, among others, and we may enter into additional contracts with U.S. government entities in the future, which subjects our business to statutes and regulations applicable to companies doing business with the government, including the Federal Acquisition Regulation. These government contracts customarily contain provisions that give the government substantial rights and remedies, many of which are not typically found in commercial contracts and which are unfavorable to contractors. For instance, most U.S. government agencies include provisions that allow the government to unilaterally terminate or modify contracts for convenience, and in that event, the counterparty to the contract may generally recover only its incurred or committed costs and settlement expenses and profit on work completed prior to the termination. If the government terminates a contract for default, the defaulting party may be liable for any extra costs incurred by the government in procuring undelivered items from another source.
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In addition, government contracts normally contain additional requirements that may increase our costs of doing business, reduce our profits, and expose us to liability for failure to comply with these terms and conditions. These requirements include, for example:
| • | specialized disclosure and accounting requirements unique to government contracts; |
| • | financial and compliance audits that may result in potential liability for price adjustments, recoupment of government funds after such funds have been spent, civil and criminal penalties, or administrative sanctions such as suspension or debarment from doing business with the U.S. government; |
| • | public disclosures of certain contract and company information; and |
| • | mandatory socioeconomic compliance requirements, including labor requirements, non-discrimination and affirmative action programs and environmental compliance requirements. |
Government contracts are also generally subject to greater scrutiny by the government, which can initiate reviews, audits and investigations regarding our compliance with government contract requirements. In addition, if we fail to comply with government contracting laws, regulations and contract requirements, our contracts may be subject to termination, and we may be subject to financial and/or other liability under our contracts, the Federal Civil False Claims Act (including treble damages and other penalties), or criminal law. In particular, the False Claims Act’s “whistleblower” provisions also allow private individuals, including present and former employees, to sue on behalf of the U.S. government. Any penalties, damages, fines, suspension, or damages could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our financial results.
We are subject to U.S. and foreign anti-corruption, anti-bribery and similar laws, and non-compliance with such laws can subject us to criminal or civil liability and harm our business.
We are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, the U.S. domestic bribery statute contained in 18 U.S.C. § 201, the U.S. Travel Act, and other anti-bribery, and anti-corruption laws in countries in which we conduct activities. Anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws have been enforced aggressively in recent years and are interpreted broadly to generally prohibit companies, their employees, and their third-party intermediaries from authorizing, promising, offering, providing, soliciting, or accepting, directly or indirectly, improper payments or benefits to or from any person whether in the public or private sector. We may engage with partners and third-party intermediaries to market our services and to obtain necessary permits, licenses, and other regulatory approvals. In addition, we or our third-party intermediaries may have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or state-owned or affiliated entities. We can be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of these third-party intermediaries, and of our employees, representatives, contractors, partners, and agents, even if we do not explicitly authorize such activities. We cannot provide any assurance that all of our employees and agents will not take actions in violation of our policies and applicable law, for which we may be ultimately held responsible.
Detecting, investigating, and resolving actual or alleged violations of anti-corruption laws can require a significant diversion of time, resources, and attention from senior management. In addition, noncompliance with anti-corruption or anti-bribery laws could subject us to whistleblower complaints, investigations, sanctions, settlements, prosecution, enforcement actions, fines, damages, other civil or criminal penalties, injunctions, suspension or debarment from contracting with certain persons, reputational harm, adverse media coverage, and other collateral consequences.
We are subject to governmental export and import controls that could impair our ability to compete in international markets due to licensing requirements and subject us to liability if we are not in compliance with applicable laws.
Our products and technologies are subject to U.S. export control and import laws and regulations, including the U.S. Export Administration Regulations, U.S. Customs regulations, and various economic and trade sanctions regulations administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Controls. U.S. export control and economic sanctions laws include restrictions or prohibitions on the sale or supply of certain products, technologies, and services to U.S. Government embargoed or sanctioned countries, governments, persons and entities. In addition, certain products and technology may be subject to export licensing or approval requirements. Exports of our products and technology must be made in compliance with export control and sanctions laws and regulations. If we fail to comply with these laws and regulations, we and certain of our employees could be subject to substantial civil or criminal penalties, including the possible loss of export or import privileges; fines, which may be imposed on us and responsible employees or managers; and, in extreme cases, the incarceration of responsible employees or managers.
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In addition, changes in our products or technologies or changes in applicable export or import laws and regulations may create delays in the introduction and sale of our products and technologies in international markets or, in some cases, prevent the export or import of our products and technologies to certain countries, governments or persons altogether. Any change in export or import laws and regulations, shift in the enforcement or scope of existing laws and regulations, or change in the countries, governments, persons or technologies targeted by such laws and regulations, could also result in decreased use of our products and technologies, or in our decreased ability to export or sell our products and technologies to existing or potential customers. Any decreased use of our products and technologies or limitation on our ability to export or sell our products and technologies would likely adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We expect to incur significant costs in complying with these regulations. Regulations related to quantum computing are currently evolving and we face risks associated with changes to these regulations.
Our business is exposed to risks associated with litigation, investigations and regulatory proceedings.
We may in the future face legal, administrative and regulatory proceedings, claims, demands and/or investigations involving stockholder, consumer, competition and/or other issues relating to our business on a global basis. Litigation and regulatory proceedings are inherently uncertain, and adverse rulings could occur, including monetary damages, or an injunction stopping us from engaging in certain business practices, or requiring other remedies, such as compulsory licensing of patents. An unfavorable outcome or settlement may result in a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial position and overall trends. In addition, regardless of the outcome, litigation can be costly, time-consuming, and disruptive to our operations. Any claims or litigation, even if fully indemnified or insured, could damage our reputation and make it more difficult to compete effectively or to obtain adequate insurance in the future. In addition, the laws and regulations our business is subject to are complex and change frequently. We may be required to incur significant expense to comply with changes in, or remedy violations of, these laws and regulations.
Furthermore, while we maintain insurance for certain potential liabilities, such insurance does not cover all types and amounts of potential liabilities and is subject to various exclusions as well as caps on amounts recoverable. Even if we believe a claim is covered by insurance, insurers may dispute our entitlement to recovery for a variety of potential reasons, which may affect the timing and, if the insurers prevail, the amount of our recovery.
We may become subject to product liability claims, which could harm our financial condition and liquidity if we are not able to successfully defend or insure against such claims.
We may become subject to product liability claims, even those without merit, which could harm our business prospects, operating results, and financial condition. We may face inherent risk of exposure to claims in the event our quantum computers do not perform as expected or malfunction. A successful product liability claim against us could require us to pay a substantial monetary award. Moreover, a product liability claim could generate substantial negative publicity about our quantum computers and business and inhibit or prevent commercialization of other future quantum computers, which would have material adverse effects on our brand, business, prospects and operating results. Any insurance coverage might not be sufficient to cover all potential product liability claims. Any lawsuit seeking significant monetary damages either in excess of our coverage, or outside of our coverage, may have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business and financial condition. We may not be able to secure additional product liability insurance coverage on commercially acceptable terms or at reasonable costs when needed, particularly if we do face liability for our products and are forced to make a claim under our policy.
We are subject to requirements relating to environmental and safety regulations and environmental remediation matters which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and reputation.
We are subject to numerous federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations governing, among other things, solid and hazardous waste storage, treatment and disposal, and remediation of releases of hazardous materials. There are significant capital, operating and other costs associated with compliance with these environmental laws and regulations. Environmental laws and regulations may become more stringent in the future, which could increase costs of compliance or require us to manufacture with alternative technologies and materials.
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Federal, state and local authorities also regulate a variety of matters, including, but not limited to, health, safety and permitting in addition to the environmental matters discussed above. New legislation and regulations may require us to make material changes to our operations, resulting in significant increases to the cost of production.
Our manufacturing process will have hazards such as but not limited to hazardous materials, machines with moving parts, and high voltage and/or high current electrical systems typical of large manufacturing equipment and related safety incidents. There may be safety incidents that damage machinery or product, slow or stop production, or harm employees. Consequences may include litigation, regulation, fines, increased insurance premiums, mandates to temporarily halt production, workers’ compensation claims, or other actions that impact our brand, finances, or ability to operate.
Changes in tax laws or regulations that are applied adversely to us may have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flow, financial condition, or results of operations.
New tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations, or ordinances could be enacted at any time. For instance, the recently enacted Inflation Reduction Act imposes, among other rules, a 15% minimum tax on the book income of certain large corporations and a 1% excise tax on certain corporate stock repurchases. Further, existing tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations, or ordinances could be interpreted differently, changed, repealed, or modified at any time. Any such enactment, interpretation, change, repeal, or modification could adversely affect us, possibly with retroactive effect. In particular, changes in corporate tax rates, the realization of our net deferred tax assets, the taxation of foreign earnings, and the deductibility of expenses under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, as amended by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act or any future tax reform legislation, could have a material impact on the value of our deferred tax assets, result in significant one-time charges, and increase our future tax expenses.
Risks Related to Intellectual Property
Our failure to obtain, maintain and protect our intellectual property rights could impair our ability to protect and commercialize our proprietary products and technology and cause us to lose our competitive advantage.
Our success depends, in significant part, on our ability to obtain, maintain, enforce and defend our intellectual property rights, including patents and trade secrets. We rely upon a combination of the intellectual property protections afforded by patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws in the United States and other jurisdictions, as well as license agreements and other contractual protections, to establish, maintain and enforce rights in our proprietary technologies. In addition, we seek to protect our intellectual property rights through nondisclosure and invention assignment agreements with our employees and consultants, and through non-disclosure agreements with business partners and other third parties.
However, we may not be able to prevent unauthorized use of our intellectual property. Our trade secrets may also be compromised, which could cause us to lose our competitive advantage. Third parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain, use or infringe our intellectual property.
Monitoring and detecting unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult and costly, and the steps we have taken or will take to prevent infringement or misappropriation may not be sufficient. Any enforcement efforts we undertake, including litigation, could be time-consuming and expensive and could divert management’s attention, which could harm Our business, results of operations, and financial condition. In addition, existing intellectual property laws and contractual remedies may afford less protection than needed to safeguard our intellectual property portfolio, and third parties may develop competitive offerings in a manner that leaves us with limited means to enforce our intellectual property rights against them.
Patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws vary significantly throughout the world. A number of foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. Therefore, our intellectual property rights may not be as strong or as easily enforced outside of the United States and efforts to protect against the unauthorized use of our intellectual property rights, technology and other proprietary rights may be more expensive and difficult outside of the United States.
Failure to adequately protect our intellectual property rights could result in our competitors using our intellectual property to offer products, potentially resulting in the loss of some of our competitive advantage and a decrease in our revenue, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
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Our inability to secure patent protection or enforce our patent rights could have a material adverse effect on our ability to prevent others from commercializing similar products or technology.
The application and registration of patents involves complex legal and factual questions. As a result, we cannot be certain that the patent applications that we files will result in patents being issued, or that our patents and any future patents that do issue will afford protection against competitors with similar technology. Numerous patents and pending patent applications owned by others exist in the fields in which we have developed and are developing our technology, and this may make it difficult for us to obtain certain patent coverage on our own. Any of our existing or pending patents may also be challenged by others on the basis that they are otherwise invalid or unenforceable. Furthermore, patent applications filed in foreign countries are subject to laws, rules and procedures that differ from those of the United States, and thus we cannot be certain that foreign patent applications related to issued U.S. patents will be issued.
Even if our patent applications succeed, it is still uncertain whether these patents will be contested, circumvented, invalidated or limited in scope in the future. The rights granted under any issued patents may not provide us with meaningful protection or competitive advantages. The intellectual property rights of others could bar us from licensing and exploiting any patents that issue from our pending applications, and the claims under any patents that issue from our patent applications may not be broad enough to prevent others from developing technologies that are similar or that achieve results similar to ours. In addition, patents issued to us may be infringed upon or designed around by others and others may obtain patents that it needs to license or design around, either of which would increase costs and may adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
We may face patent infringement and other intellectual property claims that could be costly to defend, result in injunctions and significant damage awards, or limit our ability to use certain key technologies in the future, all of which could harm our business.
Our success depends, in part, on our ability to develop and commercialize our products, services and technologies without infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating the intellectual property rights of third parties. However, we may not be aware that our products, services or technologies are infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating third-party intellectual property rights and such third parties may bring claims alleging such infringement, misappropriation or violation.
For example, there may be issued patents of which we are unaware, held by third parties that, if found to be valid and enforceable, could be alleged to be infringed by our current or future products, services or technologies. Also, because patent applications can take years to issue and are often afforded confidentiality for some period of time, there may currently be pending applications, unknown to us, that later result in issued patents that could cover our current or future products, services or technologies. The strength of our defenses will depend on the rights asserted, the interpretation of these rights, and our ability to invalidate the asserted rights. However, we could be unsuccessful in advancing non-infringement and/or invalidity arguments in our defense.
Companies that have developed and are developing technology are often required to defend against litigation claims based on allegations of infringement, misappropriation or other violations of intellectual property rights. Our products, services or technologies may not be able to withstand third-party claims against their use. In addition, as compared to us, many companies have the capability to dedicate substantially greater resources to enforce their intellectual property rights and to defend claims that may be brought against them. If a third party is able to obtain an injunction preventing us from using or accessing such third-party intellectual property rights, or if we cannot license or develop alternative technology for any infringing aspect of our business, we may be forced to limit or stop sales of our products, services or technologies or cease business activities related to such intellectual property. Although we carry general liability insurance, our insurance may not cover potential claims of this type or may not be adequate to indemnify us for all liability that may be imposed. We cannot predict the outcome of lawsuits and cannot ensure that the results of any such actions will not have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Even if the claims do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor, these claims, and the time and resources necessary to resolve them, could divert the resources of our management and harm our business and operating results. Further, there could be public announcements of the intellectual property litigation, and if securities analysts, investors or others perceive the potential impact to be negative or risks to be substantial, it could have an adverse effect on the price of our Common Stock.
| • | Any intellectual property litigation to which we might become a party, or for which we are required to provide indemnification, regardless of the merit of the claim or our defenses, may require us to do one or more of the following: |
| • | cease selling or using solutions or services that incorporate the intellectual property rights that allegedly infringe, misappropriate or violate the intellectual property of a third party; |
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| • | make substantial payments for legal fees, settlement payments or other costs or damages; |
| • | obtain a license, which may not be available on reasonable terms or at all, to sell or use the relevant technology; |
| • | redesign the allegedly infringing solutions to avoid infringement, misappropriation or violation, which could be costly, time-consuming or impossible; or |
| • | indemnify third parties using our products or services. |
The occurrence of infringement claims may grow as the market for our products, services and technologies grows. Accordingly, our exposure to damages resulting from infringement claims could increase and this could further exhaust our financial and management resources.
We rely on certain open-source software in our quantum systems. If licensing terms change, our business may be adversely affected.
Our platform utilizes software licensed to us by third-party authors under “open-source” licenses and we expect to continue to utilize open-source software in the future. The use of open-source software may entail greater risks than the use of third-party commercial software, as open-source licensors generally do not provide warranties or other contractual protections regarding infringement claims or the quality of the code. To the extent that our platform depends upon the successful operation of the open-source software we use, any undetected errors or defects in this open-source software could prevent the deployment or impair the functionality of our platform, delay new solution introductions, result in a failure of our platform and injure our reputation. For example, undetected errors or defects in open-source software could render us vulnerable to breaches or security attacks, and, in conjunction, make our systems more vulnerable to data breaches.
Furthermore, some open-source licenses require the release of proprietary source code combined with, linked to or distributed with such open-source software to be released to the public. If we combine, link or distribute our proprietary software with open-source software in a specific manner, we could, under some open-source licenses, be required to release the source code of our proprietary software to the public. This would allow our competitors to create similar solutions with lower development effort and time and ultimately put us at a competitive disadvantage.
Although we monitor our use of open-source software to avoid subjecting our platform to conditions we do not intend to attach to such platform or our proprietary code, we cannot assure you that our processes for controlling such use will be effective. If we are held to have breached the terms of an open-source software license, we could be required to seek licenses from third parties to continue operating using our solution on terms that are not economically feasible, to re-engineer our solution or the supporting computational infrastructure to discontinue use of code, or to make generally available, in source code form, portions of our proprietary code. This could allow our competitors to create similar solutions with lower development effort and time and ultimately put us at a competitive disadvantage.
Some of our intellectual property has been or may be conceived or developed through government-funded research and thus may be subject to federal regulations providing for certain rights for the U.S. government or imposing certain obligations on us, such as a license to the U.S. government under such intellectual property, “march-in” rights, certain reporting requirements and a preference for U.S.-based companies, and compliance with such regulations may limit our exclusive rights and our ability to contract with non-U.S. manufacturers.
As a result, the U.S. government may have certain rights to intellectual property embodied in our current or future product candidates pursuant to the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, or the Patent and Trademark Law Amendments Act. These U.S. government rights include a non-exclusive, non-transferable, irrevocable worldwide license to use inventions for any governmental purpose. In addition, the U.S. government has the right, under certain limited circumstances, to require the licensor to grant exclusive, partially exclusive or non-exclusive licenses to any of these inventions to a third party if it determines that (1) adequate steps have not been taken to commercialize the invention, (2) government action is necessary to meet public health or safety needs or (3) government action is necessary to meet requirements for public use under federal regulations (also referred to as “march-in” rights). The U.S. government also has the right to take title to these inventions if the licensor fails to disclose the invention to the government or fails to file an application to register the intellectual property within specified time limits. Intellectual property generated under a government funded program is also subject to certain reporting requirements, compliance with which may require us to expend substantial resources. In addition, the U.S. government requires that any products embodying any of these inventions or produced through the use of any of these inventions be manufactured substantially in the United States, and some of our license agreements
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require that we comply with this requirement. This preference for U.S. industry may be waived by the federal agency that provided the funding if the owner or assignee of the intellectual property can show that reasonable but unsuccessful efforts have been made to grant licenses on similar terms to potential licensees that would be likely to manufacture the products substantially in the United States or that under the circumstances domestic manufacture is not commercially feasible. To the extent any of our owned or licensed future intellectual property is also generated through the use of U.S. government funding, the provisions of the Bayh-Dole Act may similarly apply.
Additional Risks Related to Ownership of Our Securities
The price of our Common Stock and Public Warrants has been and may continue to be volatile.
The price of our Common Stock and Public Warrants has been and may continue to be volatile. From March 2, 2022, the date our Common Stock and Public Warrants began trading on Nasdaq, through November 18, 2022, our stock price fluctuated from a high of $11.3679 to a low of $0.981, and the price of our Public Warrants fluctuated from a high of $2.20 to a low of $0.1098. As a result of this volatility, investors in our common stock may not be able to sell their shares at or above the prices they paid. Further, as a result of this volatility it may be difficult for us to attract new investments, including additional offerings of our securities, on terms we consider reasonable, or at all. The price of our Common Stock and Public Warrants may fluctuate due to a variety of factors, including, without limitation:
| • | our ability to meet our technological milestones, including any delays; |
| • | changes in the industries in which we and our customers operate; |
| • | variations in our operating performance and the performance of our competitors in general; |
| • | material and adverse impact of the COVID-19 |
| • | pandemic or the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the related sanctions imposed against Russia on the markets and the broader global economy; |
| • | actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly or annual operating results; |
| • | publication of research reports by securities analysts about us or our competitors or our industry; |
| • | the public’s reaction to our press releases, our other public announcements and our filings with the SEC; |
| • | our failure or the failure of our competitors to meet analysts’ projections or guidance that we or our competitors may give to the market; |
| • | additions and departures of key personnel; |
| • | changes in laws and regulations affecting our business; |
| • | commencement of, or involvement in, litigation involving the Company; |
| • | changes in our capital structure, such as future issuances of securities or the incurrence of additional debt; |
| • | the volume of shares of our Common Stock available for public sale, including the significant percentage of shares of our Common Stock that may be offered for resale; |
| • | the public’s response to press releases or other public announcements by us or third parties, including our filings with the SEC; |
| • | guidance, if any, that we provide to the public, any changes in this guidance or our failure to meet this guidance, including with respect to our technical roadmap; |
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| • | the development and sustainability of an active trading market for our stock; |
| • | actions by institutional or activist stockholders; |
| • | changes in accounting standards, policies, guidelines, interpretations or principles; and |
| • | other events or factors, including recessions, increases in inflation and interest rates, foreign currency fluctuations, international tariffs, social, political and economic risks, natural disasters, acts of war (including the conflict involving Russia and Ukraine), terrorism or responses to such events. |
These market and industry factors may materially reduce the market price of our Common Stock and our Public Warrants regardless of the operating performance of the Company. In the past, following periods of market volatility, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation. If we are involved in securities litigation, it could have a substantial cost and divert resources and the attention of executive management from our business regardless of the outcome of such litigation.
We may fail to comply with the rules that apply to public companies, including Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which could result in sanctions or other penalties that would adversely impact our business.
As a public company, and particularly after we are no longer an “emerging growth company,” we will incur significant legal, accounting, and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company, including costs resulting from public company reporting obligations under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, and regulations regarding corporate governance practices. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the rules of the SEC, the listing requirements of the Nasdaq, and other applicable securities rules and regulations impose various requirements on public companies, including establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls and corporate governance practices. We have begun to hire additional accounting, finance, and other personnel in connection with our becoming, and our efforts to comply with the requirements of being, a public company, and our management and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time towards maintaining compliance with these requirements. These requirements will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly. We are currently evaluating these rules and regulations and cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs. These rules and regulations are often subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we will incur as a result of recently becoming a public company or the timing of such costs. Any changes we make to comply with these obligations may not be sufficient to allow us to satisfy our obligations as a public company on a timely basis, or at all. These reporting requirements, rules and regulations, coupled with the increase in potential litigation exposure associated with being a public company, could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or board committees or to serve as executive officers, or to obtain certain types of insurance, including directors’ and officers’ insurance, on acceptable terms.
Pursuant to Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 404, we will be required to furnish a report by our management on our internal control over financial reporting in our Annual Reports on Form 10-K with the SEC. In order to continue to maintain effective internal controls to support growth and public company requirements, we will need additional financial personnel, systems and resources. However, while we remain an emerging growth company, we are not be required to include an attestation report on internal control over financial reporting issued by our independent registered public accounting firm. To achieve compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 404 within the prescribed period, we will be engaged in a process to enhance our documentation and evaluate our internal control over financial reporting, which is both costly and challenging. In this regard, we will need to continue to dedicate internal resources, potentially engage outside consultants, adopt a detailed work plan to assess and document the adequacy of internal control over financial reporting, continue steps to improve control processes as appropriate, validate through testing that controls are functioning as documented, and implement a continuous reporting and improvement process for internal control over financial reporting. Despite our efforts, there is a risk that we will not be able to conclude, within the prescribed timeframe or at all, that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as required by Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 404. We previously have identified a material weakness. See “—We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting and may identify additional material weaknesses in the future. This material weakness has resulted in errors in financial statements for prior periods and if we fail to remediate this material weakness or otherwise fail to establish and maintain effective control over financial reporting, it may adversely affect our ability to accurately and timely report our financial results in the future, and may adversely affect investor confidence, our reputation, our ability to raise additional capital, and our business operations and financial condition.” If we identify additional material weaknesses in the future, they could result in an adverse reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of our financial statements
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We have incurred and will continue to incur substantial costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management will continue to devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives. In addition, key members of our management team have limited experience managing a public company.
As a public company, we incur substantial legal, accounting, and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. For example, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the rules and regulations of the SEC and the listing standards of Nasdaq. The Exchange Act requires, among other things, that we file annual, quarterly, and current reports with respect to our business, financial condition and results of operations. Compliance with these rules and regulations increase our legal and financial compliance costs and increase demand on our systems, particularly after we are no longer an emerging growth company. In addition, as a public company, we may be subject to shareholder activism, which can lead to additional substantial costs, distract management and impact the manner in which we operate our business in ways we cannot currently anticipate. As a result of disclosure of information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in filings required of a public company, our business and financial condition are more visible, which may result in threatened or actual litigation, including by competitors.
Certain members of our management team have limited experience managing a publicly traded company, interacting with public company investors, and complying with the increasingly complex laws pertaining to public companies. Our management team may not successfully or efficiently manage the transition to being a public company subject to significant regulatory oversight and reporting obligations under the federal securities laws and the continuous scrutiny of securities analysts and investors. These new obligations and constituents will require significant attention from our senior management and could divert their attention away from the day-to-day management of the business, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Concentration of ownership among our executive officers, directors and their respective affiliates may limit other stockholders’ ability to influence corporate matters and delay or prevent a third party from acquiring control over us.
Our current executive officers and directors and their respective affiliates beneficially own, in the aggregate, approximately 24.6% of outstanding Common Stock as of November 18, 2022. This significant concentration of ownership may have a negative impact on the trading price for our Common Stock because investors often perceive disadvantages in owning stock in companies where there is a concentration of ownership in a small number of stockholders. In addition, these stockholders will be able to exercise influence over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of corporate transactions, such as a merger or other sale of us or our assets. This concentration of ownership could limit other stockholders’ ability to influence corporate matters and may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control, including a merger, consolidation or other business combination, or discouraging a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control, even if that change in control would benefit the other stockholders.
We do not intend to pay cash dividends for the foreseeable future.
We currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the further development and expansion of our business and does not intend to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, restrictions contained in future agreements and financing instruments, business prospects and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant.
Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly and could fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors due to seasonality and other factors, some of which are beyond our control, resulting in a decline in our stock price.
Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly because of several factors, including:
| • | labor availability and costs for hourly and management personnel; |
| • | profitability of our products, especially in new markets and due to seasonal fluctuations; |
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| • | changes in interest rates; |
| • | impairment of long-lived assets; |
| • | macroeconomic conditions, both nationally and locally; |
| • | negative publicity relating to products we serve; |
| • | changes in consumer preferences and competitive conditions; and |
| • | expansion to new markets. |
Reports published by analysts, including projections in those reports that differ from our actual results, could adversely affect the price and trading volume of our securities.
Securities research analysts have and may establish and publish their own periodic projections for us. These projections may vary widely and may not accurately predict the results we actually achieve. Our share price may decline if our actual results do not match the projections of these securities research analysts. Similarly, if one or more of the analysts who write reports on us downgrades our stock or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our share price could decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, our share price or trading volume could decline. If analysts cease coverage of us, the market price and volume for our securities could be adversely affected.
There can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with the continued listing standards of Nasdaq.
If we fail to satisfy the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq such as the corporate governance requirements, the minimum share price requirement or failure to be timely with our SEC filings, Nasdaq may take steps to delist our securities. Such a delisting would likely have a negative effect on the price of the securities and would impair your ability to sell or purchase the securities when you wish to do so. In the event of a delisting, we can provide no assurance that any action taken by us to restore compliance with listing requirements would allow our securities to become listed again, stabilize the market price or improve the liquidity of our securities, prevent our securities from dropping below the Nasdaq minimum share price requirement or prevent future non-compliance with Nasdaq’s listing requirements. Additionally, if our securities are not listed on, or become delisted from, Nasdaq for any reason, and are quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board, an inter-dealer automated quotation system for equity securities that is not a national securities exchange, the liquidity and price of our securities may be more limited than if we were quoted or listed on Nasdaq or another national securities exchange. You may be unable to sell your securities unless a market can be established or sustained.
Sales of our securities, or the perception of such sales, by us or holders of our securities in the public market or otherwise could cause the market price for our securities to decline and even in such case certain holders of our securities may still have an incentive to sell our securities.
The sale of our securities in the public market or otherwise, or the perception that such sales could occur, could harm the prevailing market price of shares of our securities. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more difficult for us to sell securities in the future at a time and at a price that it deems appropriate. Resales of our securities may cause the market price of our securities to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.
The market price of our Common Stock could decline if holders of our shares sell them, including pursuant to the resale registration statements, or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them. As such, sales of a substantial number of shares of our Common Stock in the public market could occur at any time. These sales, or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares intend to sell shares, could reduce the market price of our Common Stock.
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Pursuant to registration rights we have with certain holders of our securities, we filed a resale shelf registration statement covering the resale of up to an aggregate of 96,941,181 shares of our Common Stock, which was declared effective on June 1, 2022. We have also agreed to register the resale of 1,000,000 shares of our Common Stock issued or issuable upon exercise of the Ampere Warrant. As of November 18, 2022, the number of shares of our Common Stock that have been registered for resale by holders represented approximately 61.58% of our shares outstanding (after giving effect to the issuance of shares upon exercise of outstanding Public Warrants, Private Warrants, the exercise or settlement of outstanding warrants, options or restricted stock units of Legacy Rigetti assumed in the Business Combination and exercise of the Ampere Warrant in full). In addition, on August 11, 2022, we entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) and a Registration Rights Agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) with B. Riley Principal Capital II, LLC (“B. Riley”). Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, we have the right to sell shares of our common stock in an aggregate amount up to the lesser of (i) $75.0 million and (ii) an amount not to exceed approximately 23,648,889 shares of our common stock , subject to certain limitations and conditions. We filed a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act to register the resale of shares of common stock sold pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, which became effective on September 14, 2022. Given this substantial number of shares available for resale, the sale of shares by such holders, or the perception in the market that holders of a large number of shares intend to sell shares, could increase the volatility of the market price of our common stock or result in a significant decline in the public trading price of our common stock. Even if our trading price is significantly below $10.00, the offering price for the units offered in Supernova’s IPO, certain holders of our securities may still have an incentive to sell shares of our common stock because they purchased the shares at prices lower than the public investors or the current trading price of our common stock. Further, the purchase price for the shares that we may sell to B. Riley under our committed equity financing will fluctuate based on the price of our common stock. Depending on market liquidity at the time, sales of such shares may cause the trading price of our common stock to fall. If and when we do sell shares to B. Riley, after B. Riley has acquired the shares, B. Riley may resell all, some, or none of those shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion. Therefore, sales to B. Riley by us could result in substantial dilution to the interests of other holders of our common stock. Additionally, the sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock to B. Riley, or the anticipation of such sales, could make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect sales. The decision to sell any shares of our common stock to sell to B. Riley under the committed equity financing will depend on market conditions, the trading prices of our common stock and other considerations, and we cannot guarantee the extent to which we may utilize the committed equity financing.
Future issuances of debt securities and equity securities may adversely affect us, including the market price of our Common Stock and may be dilutive to existing stockholders.
We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the near future to continue our planned operations. In the future, we may incur debt or issue equity ranking senior to our Common Stock. Those securities will generally have priority upon liquidation. Such securities also may be governed by an indenture or other instrument containing covenants restricting our operating flexibility. Additionally, any convertible or exchangeable securities that we issue in the future may have rights, preferences and privileges more favorable than those of our Common Stock. Because our decision to issue debt or equity in the future will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing, nature or success of our future capital raising efforts. As a result, future capital raising efforts may reduce the market price of our Common Stock and be dilutive to existing stockholders. In addition, our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities could be significantly impacted by the resale of shares of Common Stock by selling securityholders which could result in a significant decline in the trading price of our Common Stock and potentially hinder our ability to raise capital at terms that are acceptable to us or at all.
We may issue additional shares of Common Stock from time to time, including under our equity incentive plans and employee stock purchase plan, or preferred stock. Any such issuances would dilute the interest of our shareholders and likely present other risks.
We may issue additional shares of Common Stock from time to time, including under our equity incentive plans or employee stock purchase plan, or preferred stock.
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Common Stock reserved for future issuance under our equity incentive plans will become eligible for sale in the public market once those shares are issued, subject to provisions relating to various vesting agreements and, in some cases, limitations on volume and manner of sale applicable to affiliates under Rule 144, as applicable. The aggregate number of shares of our Common Stock initially reserved for future issuance under the Rigetti Computing, Inc. 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2022 Plan”) is 18,332,215 shares. We have filed a registration statement on Form S-8 under the Securities Act, which became effective on June 10, 2022, to register the issuance of the 18,332,215 shares reserved under the 2022 Plan, the issuance of Common Stock under the Rigetti Computing, Inc. 2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Employee Stock Purchase Plan”), which has an initial reserve of 3,055,370 shares, the resale of up to 18,367,696 shares subject to equity awards issued under the 2013 Plan and the resale of up to 2,053 shares subject to equity awards issued under QxBranch, Inc. 2018 Equity Compensation Plan. In addition, we may file one or more registration statements on Form S-8 under the Securities Act to register additional shares of Common Stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of Common Stock issued pursuant to our equity incentive plans and employee stock purchase plan. Any such Form S-8 registration statements will automatically become effective upon filing. Accordingly, shares registered under such registration statements may be immediately available for sale in the open market.
Sales of a substantial number of our Common Stock in the public market could occur at any time.
Any such issuances of additional shares of Common Stock or preferred stock:
| • | may significantly dilute the equity interests of our investors; |
| • | may subordinate the rights of holders of Common Stock if preferred stock is issued with rights senior to those afforded our Common Stock; |
| • | could cause a change in control if a substantial number of shares of our Common Stock are issued, which may affect, among other things, our ability to use our net operating loss carry forwards, if any, and could result in the resignation or removal of our present officers and directors; and |
| • | may adversely affect prevailing market prices for our Common Stock. |
We are currently an “emerging growth company” and “smaller reporting company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, and to the extent we have taken advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies or smaller reporting companies, this could make our securities less attractive to investors and may make it more difficult to compare our performance with other public companies.
We are an “emerging growth company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. As a result, our shareholders may not have access to certain information they may deem important. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years, although circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier, including if the market value of our Class A ordinary shares held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of June 30, in which case we would no longer be an emerging growth company as of the following fiscal year. We cannot predict whether investors will find our securities less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result of our reliance on these exemptions, the trading prices of our securities may be lower than they otherwise would be, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and the trading prices of our securities may be more volatile.
Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such an election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
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Delaware law and our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws contain certain provisions, including anti-takeover provisions, that limit the ability of stockholders to take certain actions and could delay or discourage takeover attempts that stockholders may consider favorable.
Our Certificate of Incorporation and bylaws of the Company (the “Bylaws”) and the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (“DGCL”) contain provisions that could have the effect of rendering more difficult, delaying, or preventing an acquisition deemed undesirable by the board of directors of Rigetti (the “Board”) and therefore depress the trading price of our Common Stock. These provisions could also make it difficult for stockholders to take certain actions, including electing directors who are not nominated by the current members of the Board or taking other corporate actions, including effecting changes in our management. Among other things, the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws include provisions regarding:
| • | providing for a classified board of directors with staggered, three-year terms; |
| • | the ability of the Board to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, including “blank check” preferred stock, with any rights, preferences and privileges as they may designate, including the right to approve an acquisition or other change of control; |
| • | provide that the authorized number of directors may be changed only by resolution of the Board; |
| • | provide that, subject to the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock, any individual director or directors may be removed only with cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66 2/3% of the voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of our capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class; |
| • | provide that all vacancies, including newly created directorships, may, except as otherwise required by law, be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of directors then in office, even if less than a quorum; |
| • | require that any action to be taken by our stockholders must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting of stockholders and not be taken by written consent or electronic transmission; |
| • | provide that stockholders seeking to present proposals before a meeting of stockholders or to nominate candidates for election as directors at a meeting of stockholders must provide advance notice in writing, and also specify requirements as to the form and content of a stockholder’s notice; |
| • | provide that special meetings of our stockholders may be called by the chairperson of the Board, the chief executive officer or by the Board pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the total number of authorized directors; and |
| • | not provide for cumulative voting rights, therefore allowing the holders of a majority of the shares of Common Stock entitled to vote in any election of directors to elect all of the directors standing for election, if they should so choose. |
These provisions, alone or together, could delay or prevent hostile takeovers and changes in control or changes in the Board or management.
The Certificate of Incorporation designates the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or the United States federal district courts as the sole and exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, stockholders, employees or agents.
The Certificate of Incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall be the sole and exclusive forum for state law claims for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer or other employee, or stockholder of Rigetti to Rigetti or our stockholders, (iii) any action or claim against the Company or any current or former director, officer or other employee or stockholder of the Company, arising out of or pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or the Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws, (iv) any action seeking to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of the Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws; (v) any action or claim as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware; and (vi) any action against the Company or any current or former
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director, officer or other employee or stockholder of the Company, governed by the internal-affairs doctrine of the law of the State of Delaware, in all cases to the fullest extent permitted by law. The foregoing provisions will not apply to any claims as to which the Delaware Court of Chancery determines that there is an indispensable party not subject to the jurisdiction of such court, which is rested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a court or forum other than such court (including claims arising under the Exchange Act), or for which such court does not have subject matter jurisdiction, or to any claims arising under the Securities Act and, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the United States federal district courts will be the sole and exclusive forum for resolving any action asserting a claim arising under the Securities Act.
Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules or regulations thereunder. Accordingly, both state and federal courts have jurisdiction to entertain such Securities Act claims. To prevent having to litigate claims in multiple jurisdictions and the threat of inconsistent or contrary rulings by different courts, among other considerations, the Certificate of Incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, United States federal district courts shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. There is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce the forum provision with respect to claims under the federal securities laws.
This choice of forum provision in our Certificate of Incorporation may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims.
There is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such provisions, and the enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions in other companies’ charter documents has been challenged in legal proceedings. It is possible that a court could find these types of provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable, and if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in the Certificate of Incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Furthermore, investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and rules and regulations thereunder.
Our warrants, including our Public Warrants, Private Warrants and other warrants we have issued, are accounted for as liabilities and the changes in value of our Warrants could have a material effect on our financial results.
We are subject to complex securities laws and regulations and accounting principles and interpretations. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to interpret accounting principles and guidance and to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported expenses incurred during the reporting periods. We base our interpretations, estimates and judgments on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for the preparation of our financial statements. GAAP presentation is subject to interpretation by the SEC, the Financial Accounting Standards Board and various other bodies formed to interpret and create appropriate accounting principles and guidance. If one of these bodies disagrees with our accounting recognition, measurement or disclosure or any of our accounting interpretations, estimates or assumptions, it may have a significant effect on our reported results and may retroactively affect previously reported results.
On April 12, 2021, the Acting Director of the Division of Corporation Finance and Acting Chief Accountant of the SEC together issued a statement regarding the accounting and reporting considerations for warrants issued by special purpose acquisition companies entitled “Staff Statement on Accounting and Reporting Considerations for Warrants Issued by Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (“SPACs”)” (the “SEC Statement”).
Specifically, the SEC Statement focused on certain settlement terms and provisions related to certain tender offers following a business combination, which terms are similar to those contained in the warrant agreement governing our Warrants. As a result of the SEC Statement, Rigetti reevaluated the accounting treatment of the 8,625,000 Public Warrants and 4,450,000 Private Warrants, and determined to classify the Warrants as derivative liabilities measured at fair value, with changes in fair value each period reported in earnings.
As a result, included Rigetti’s balance sheet as of September 30, 2022 contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are derivative liabilities related to embedded features contained within our Warrants. Accounting Standards Codification 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”), provides for the remeasurement of the fair value of such derivatives at each balance sheet date, with a resulting non-cash gain or loss related to the change in the fair value being recognized in earnings in the statements of
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operations. As a result of the recurring fair value measurement, our financial statements and results of operations may fluctuate quarterly, based on factors, which are outside of our control. Due to the recurring fair value measurement, we expect that we will recognize non-cash gains or losses on our Warrants each reporting period and that the amount of such gains or losses could be material. The impact of changes in fair value on earnings may have an adverse effect on the market price of our securities.
No assurance can be given that additional guidance or new regulations or accounting principles and interpretations will not be released that would require us to reclassify our Warrants as liabilities measured at fair value, with changes in fair value reported each period in earnings and/or require a restatement of our financial statements with respect to treatment of the Warrants.
Any such restatement of our financial results could, among other potential adverse effects:
| • | result in us incurring substantial costs; |
| • | affect our ability to timely file our periodic reports until the restatement is completed; |
| • | divert the attention of our management and employees from managing our business; |
| • | result in material changes to our historical and future financial results; |
| • | result in investors losing confidence in our operating results; |
| • | subject us to securities class action litigation; and |
| • | cause our stock price to decline. |
For example, in connection with the preparation of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the audit committee of our board of directors, based on the recommendation of, and after consultation with, our management, and as discussed with our independent registered public accounting firm, concluded that our previously issued unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for the quarters ended March 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022 could no longer be relied upon and require restatement in order to revise the volatility assumption in the valuation methodology with respect to Sponsor Vesting Shares, revise the fair value for our Private Warrants and correct an immaterial error related to the valuation of the warrant liability with respect to the warrants issued to Trinity Capital Inc., in addition to other matters. As a result, we have identified material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. In addition, we were also unable to file this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q within the originally prescribed deadline and required an extension to file. See Note 1 in the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a description of these restatements.
Our Warrants are exercisable for Common Stock, the exercise of which would increase the number of shares eligible for future resale in the public market and result in dilution to our stockholders.
As a result of the Business Combination being consummated, outstanding Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 13,074,972 shares of Common Stock became exercisable in accordance with the terms of the warrant agreement. These Warrants became exercisable on April 1, 2022. The exercise price of these Warrants is $11.50 per share, or approximately $150.4 million, assuming none of the Warrants are exercised through “cashless” exercise. To the extent such Warrants are exercised, additional shares of Common Stock will be issued, which will result in dilution to the holders of Common Stock and increase the number of shares eligible for resale in the public market. We believe the likelihood that warrant holders will exercise their Warrants, and therefore the amount of cash proceeds that we would receive, is dependent upon the trading price of our Common Stock. If the trading price for our Common Stock is less than $11.50 per share, we believe holders of our Public Warrants and Private Warrants will be unlikely to exercise their Warrants. On November 18, 2022, the last reported sales price of our Common Stock was $1.24 per share.
Sales of substantial numbers of such shares in the public market or the fact that such Warrants may be exercised could adversely affect the market price of Common Stock. However, there is no guarantee that the Public Warrants will ever be in the money prior to their expiration, and as such, the warrants may expire worthless. See “—The warrants may never be in the money, and they may expire worthless and the terms of the Public Warrants may be amended in a manner adverse to a holder if holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding Public Warrants approve of such amendment.”
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The Warrants may never be in the money, and they may expire worthless and the terms of the Public Warrants may be amended in a manner adverse to a holder if holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding Public Warrants approve of such amendment.
The exercise price for our Warrants is $11.50 per share of Common Stock. We believe the likelihood that warrant holders will exercise their Public Warrants and Private Warrants, and therefore the amount of cash proceeds that we would receive, is dependent upon the trading price of our Common Stock. If the trading price for our Common Stock is less than $11.50 per share, we believe warrant holders will be unlikely to exercise their Warrants. There is no guarantee that the warrants will be in the money following the time they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, and as such, the Warrants may expire worthless. Our Warrants became exercisable on April 1, 2022.
The Warrants were issued in registered form under a warrant agreement (the “warrant agreement”) between American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent, and Supernova. The warrant agreement provides that the terms of the Warrants may be amended without the consent of any holder to cure any ambiguity or correct any defective provision or correct any mistake, but requires the approval by the holders of at least 50% of the then-outstanding Public Warrants to make any change that adversely affects the interests of the registered holders of Public Warrants. Accordingly, we may amend the terms of the Public Warrants in a manner adverse to a holder if holders of at least 50% of the then-outstanding Public Warrants approve of such amendment and, solely with respect to any amendment to the terms of the Private Warrants or any provision of the warrant agreement with respect to the Private Warrants, 50% of the number of the then outstanding Private Warrants. Although our ability to amend the terms of the Public Warrants with the consent of at least 50% of the then-outstanding Public Warrants is unlimited, examples of such amendments could be amendments to, among other things, increase the exercise price of the Warrants, convert the Warrants into cash, shorten the exercise period or decrease the number of shares of Common Stock purchasable upon exercise of a Warrant.
We may redeem your unexpired Warrants prior to their exercise at a time that is disadvantageous to the holder, thereby making such Warrants worthless.
We have the ability to redeem outstanding Warrants at any time after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, at a price of $0.01 per warrant, provided that the last reported sales price of the Common Stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for share subdivisions, share dividends, rights issuances, subdivisions, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading-day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date we send the notice of redemption to the warrant holders. If and when the Warrants become redeemable by us, we may exercise our redemption right even if we are unable to register or qualify the underlying securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws. Redemption of the outstanding Warrants could force you to: (i) exercise your Warrants and pay the exercise price therefore at a time when it may be disadvantageous for you to do so; (ii) sell your Warrants at the then-current market price when you might otherwise wish to hold your Warrants; or (iii) accept the nominal redemption price which, at the time the outstanding Warrants are called for redemption, is likely to be substantially less than the market value of your Warrants.
In addition, we may redeem your Warrants at any time after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration at a price of $0.10 per warrant upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption provided that holders will be able to exercise their Warrants prior to redemption for a number of shares of Common Stock determined based on the redemption date and the fair market value of our Common Stock.
The value received upon exercise of the Warrants (1) may be less than the value the holders would have received if they had exercised their warrants at a later time where the underlying share price is higher and (2) may not compensate the holders for the value of the Warrants, including because the number of shares of Common Stock received is capped at 0.361 share of Common Stock per warrant (subject to adjustment) irrespective of the remaining life of the warrants. None of the Private Warrants will be redeemable by us, subject to certain circumstances, so long as they are held by Supernova Sponsor or its permitted transferees.
The warrant agreement designates the courts of the State of New York or the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by holders of warrants, which could limit the ability of warrant holders to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us.
The warrant agreement provides that, subject to applicable law, (i) any action, proceeding or claim against us arising out of or relating in any way to the warrant agreement, including under the Securities Act, will be brought and enforced in the courts of the State of New York or the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, and (ii) that we irrevocably submit to such jurisdiction, which jurisdiction will be the exclusive forum for any such action, proceeding or claim. Under the warrant agreement, we also agree that we will waive any objection to such exclusive jurisdiction and that such courts represent an inconvenient forum.
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Notwithstanding the foregoing, these provisions of the warrant agreement do not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal district courts of the United States of America are the sole and exclusive forum. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any of the Public Warrants or Private Warrants will be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the forum provisions in our warrant agreement.
If any action, the subject matter of which is within the scope of the forum provisions of the warrant agreement, is filed in a court other than a court of the State of New York or the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (a “foreign action”) in the name of any holder of the Public Warrants or Private Warrants, such holder will be deemed to have consented to: (x) the personal jurisdiction of the state and federal courts located in the State of New York in connection with any action brought in any such court to enforce the forum provisions (an “enforcement action”), and (y) having service of process made upon such warrant holder in any such enforcement action by service upon such warrant holder’s counsel in the foreign action as agent for such warrant holder.
This choice-of-forum provision may limit a warrant holder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with our company, which may discourage such lawsuits. Alternatively, if a court were to find this provision of our warrant agreement inapplicable or unenforceable with respect to one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and result in a diversion of the time and resources of our management and board of directors.
We may be subject to securities litigation, which is expensive and could divert management attention.
The market price of our Common Stock may be volatile and, in the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been subject to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Securities litigation against us could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention from other business concerns, which could seriously harm our business.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(a) Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
On August 11, 2022, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with B. Riley. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, in consideration for B. Riley’s commitment to purchase shares of common stock at the Company’s direction upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, the Company issued 171,008 shares of Company common stock to B. Riley (the “Commitment Shares”). The Commitment Shares were issued by the Company in reliance upon the exemptions from the registration requirements of the Securities Act afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506(b) of Regulation D promulgated thereunder.
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(b) Use of Proceeds
The net proceeds under the Purchase Agreement to the Company will depend on the frequency and prices at which we sell shares of its Common Stock to B. Riley. The Company expects that any proceeds received by it from such sales to B. Riley will be used for working capital and general corporate purposes.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
On November 8, 2022, our board of directors approved and adopted the Amended and Restated Bylaws (the “Bylaws”), effective immediately. Among other things, the amendments effected by the Bylaws enhance the procedural mechanics and disclosure requirements in connection with stockholder nominations of directors and the submissions of proposals regarding other business at stockholder meetings, including by requiring (i) additional background information and disclosures regarding proposing stockholders and proposed nominees, (ii) any stockholder submitting a nomination notice to make a representation as to whether such shareholder intends to solicit proxies in support of director nominees other than our nominees in accordance with Rule 14a-19 under the Exchange Act and to provide reasonable evidence that certain requirements of such rule have been satisfied and (iii) the nomination of each proposed director nominee other than our nominees be disregarded (notwithstanding that the nominee is included as a nominee in our proxy statement, notice of meeting or other proxy materials for any annual meeting (or any supplement thereto) and notwithstanding that proxies or votes in respect of the election of such proposed nominees may have been received by us (which proxies and votes shall be disregarded)) if, after a stockholder provides notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(b) under the Exchange Act, such stockholder subsequently fails to comply with the requirements of Rule 14a-19 under the Exchange Act. The amendments to the Bylaws also make certain other technical, modernizing and clarifying changes.
The foregoing description of the changes contained in the Bylaws does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Bylaws, a copy of which is incorporated by reference herein as Exhibit 3.2.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
| Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit Number |
Description |
Form | File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date | |||||||||||
| 2.1+ | Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 6, 2021, by and among Supernova Partners Acquisition Company II, Ltd., Supernova Merger Sub, Inc., Supernova Romeo Merger Sub, LLC and Rigetti Holdings, Inc. | 8-K | 001-40140 | 2.1 | October 6, 2021 | |||||||||||
| 2.2 | First Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 23, 2021, by and among Supernova Partners Acquisition Company II, Ltd., Supernova Merger Sub, Inc., Supernova Romeo Merger Sub, LLC and Rigetti Holdings, Inc. | 8-K | 001-40140 | 2.1 | December 23, 2021 | |||||||||||
| 2.3 | Second Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of January 10, 2022, by and among Supernova Partners Acquisition Company II, Ltd., Supernova Merger Sub, Inc., Supernova Romeo Merger Sub, LLC and Rigetti Holdings, Inc. | 8-K | 001-40140 | 2.1 | January 10, 2022 | |||||||||||
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| Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit Number |
Description |
Form | File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date | |||||||||||||
| 3.1 | Certificate of Incorporation of Rigetti Computing, Inc. | 8-K | 001-40140 | 3.1 | March 7, 2022 | |||||||||||||
| 3.2 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Rigetti Computing, Inc. | 8-K | 001-40140 | 3.1 | November 14, 2022 | |||||||||||||
| 4.1 | Specimen Common Stock Certificate | 8-K | 001-40140 | 4.1 | March 7, 2022 | |||||||||||||
| 4.2 | Specimen Warrant Certificate | 8-K | 001-40140 | 4.2 | March 7, 2022 | |||||||||||||
| 31.1* | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |||||||||||||||||
| 31.2* | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |||||||||||||||||
| 32.1** | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |||||||||||||||||
| 101.INS* | Inline XBRL Instance Document—the instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document | |||||||||||||||||
| 101.SCH* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | |||||||||||||||||
| 101.CAL* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | |||||||||||||||||
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| Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit Number |
Description |
Form | File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date | |||||||||||||
| 101.DEF* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | |||||||||||||||||
| 101.LAB* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | |||||||||||||||||
| 101.PRE* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | |||||||||||||||||
| 104* | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) | |||||||||||||||||
| * | Filed herewith. |
| ** | Furnished herewith. This certification accompanies the Form 10-Q to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Rigetti Computing, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing. |
| + | The schedules and exhibits to this agreement have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any omitted schedule and/or exhibit will be furnished to the SEC upon request. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
| RIGETTI COMPUTING, INC. | ||||||
| (Registrant) | ||||||
| Dated: November 21, 2022 | By: | /s/ Brian Sereda | ||||
| Brian Sereda | ||||||
| Chief Financial Officer | ||||||
| (Authorized Signatory, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | ||||||
99
Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a)
UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Rick Danis, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this Form 10-Q of Rigetti Computing, Inc.; |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
| (a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
| (b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
| (c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
| (d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and |
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| (a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
| (b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
Date: November 21, 2022
| /s/ Rick Danis |
| Rick Danis |
| Interim Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) |
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a)
UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Brian Sereda, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this Form 10-Q of Rigetti Computing, Inc.; |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
| (a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
| (b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
| (c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
| (d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and |
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| (a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
| (b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
Date: November 21, 2022
| /s/ Brian Sereda |
| Brian Sereda |
| Chief Financial Officer |
| (Principal Financial Officer) |
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Pursuant to the requirement set forth in Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Exchange Act”) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. §1350), Rick Danis, Interim Chief Executive Officer of Rigetti Computing, Inc. (the “Company”), and Brian Sereda, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each hereby certifies that, to the best of his knowledge:
| 1. | The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2022, to which this Certification is attached as Exhibit 32.1 (the “Periodic Report”), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and |
| 2. | The information contained in the Periodic Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. |
Dated: November 21, 2022
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have set their hands hereto as of the 21st day of November, 2022.
| /s/ Rick Danis |
| Rick Danis |
| Interim Chief Executive Officer |
| (Principal Executive Officer) |
| /s/ Brian Sereda |
| Brian Sereda |
| Chief Financial Officer |
| (Principal Financial Officer) |